Cancer Cell:利用脑瘤对胆固醇的需求开发癌症治疗新方法

2016-10-15 佚名 生物谷

最近路德维希癌症研究所的研究人员发表了一项研究进展,他们发现了成胶质细胞瘤的一个代谢弱点,并在研究中揭示了如何利用这个弱点开发潜在治疗方法。成胶质细胞瘤是一种侵袭性强并且不可治愈的脑癌类型。研究人员发现成胶质细胞瘤细胞向细胞内转入大量胆固醇以维持细胞存活,可以利用处于临床开发阶段的药物分子特异且有效地削弱这一维持癌细胞存活的机制。相关研究结果发表在国际学术期刊Cancer Cell上。目前开发的许


最近路德维希癌症研究所的研究人员发表了一项研究进展,他们发现了成胶质细胞瘤的一个代谢弱点,并在研究中揭示了如何利用这个弱点开发潜在治疗方法。成胶质细胞瘤是一种侵袭性强并且不可治愈的脑癌类型。研究人员发现成胶质细胞瘤细胞向细胞内转入大量胆固醇以维持细胞存活,可以利用处于临床开发阶段的药物分子特异且有效地削弱这一维持癌细胞存活的机制。相关研究结果发表在国际学术期刊Cancer Cell上。

目前开发的许多靶向治疗方法几乎无法穿过血脑屏障,药物剂量低,经常引起肿瘤产生药物抵抗。因此找到能够克服上述困难的新药物和新治疗策略成为治疗成胶质细胞瘤的重要挑战。脑部对胆固醇调节的独特机制似乎是寻找新靶点的一个好的方向。

机体大约20%的胆固醇位于脑部,但脑部的胆固醇并非来自脑外器官。一类叫做星形胶质细胞的脑细胞合成了脑部的大部分胆固醇,胆固醇是细胞膜和神经纤维绝缘层的重要组成成分,同时也是许多信号分子的合成原料。

研究人员发现成胶质细胞瘤细胞特别依赖转运到细胞内的胆固醇,肿瘤细胞无法自身合成胆固醇,但同时又需要大量胆固醇满足细胞扩增的需要。癌细胞会通过关闭转运控制机制保证能够一直得到胆固醇供应。

当正常细胞获得足够胆固醇,会将一部分胆固醇变成羟固醇,这些分子能够激活细胞核内一种叫做LXR的受体分子,帮助阻止胆固醇的摄取。而对于成胶质细胞瘤细胞来说,这种机制受到完全破坏,成胶质细胞瘤细胞会抑制羟固醇的合成,保证LXR受体分子处于失活状态。

研究人员发现一种叫做LXR-623的试验性代谢疾病候选药物能够激活LXR受体分子,这种药物还可以轻易通过小鼠的血脑屏障。研究人员在人源异种移植的成胶质细胞瘤小鼠模型上检测了这种药物的治疗效果,结果发现阻断成胶质细胞瘤细胞对胆固醇的摄入能够引起癌细胞死亡,肿瘤也出现显著萎缩,小鼠模型的生存时间也得到延长。除此之外,LXR-623这种药物对星形胶质细胞和身体其他组织的不良作用也很小。

研究人员表示,这种治疗策略有望对这种不可治愈疾病展现出良好的治疗效果。

原始出处

Genaro R. Villa, Jonathan J. Hulce, Ciro Zanca, Junfeng Bi, Shiro Ikegami, Gabrielle L. Cahill, Yuchao Gu, Kenneth M. Lum, Kenta Masui.et,al.An LXR-Cholesterol Axis Creates a Metabolic Co-Dependency for Brain Cancers.Cancer Cell.2016


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    2017-06-19 维他命
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    2016-10-17 jxrzshh

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