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Science：科学家发现引发机体神经变性的新机制

2014-07-28 佚名 生物谷

机体神经变性中枢神经系统
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近日，来自霍华德休斯顿医学院的研究人员通过研究在小鼠机体中发现了引发神经变性的新机制，研究者发现了机体细胞器中的一种关键组分（转移RNA）的缺失或许会引发神经变性疾病，相关研究成果刊登于国际杂志Science上。研究者表示，中枢神经系统中产生tRNAs的基因发生突变会导致神经元核糖体蛋白质产生过程的停止，而当另外一种名为GTPBP2的蛋白质也发生缺失的时候，神经变性疾病就会发生；研究者Ackerm

近日，来自霍华德休斯顿医学院的研究人员通过研究在小鼠机体中发现了引发神经变性的新机制，研究者发现了机体细胞器中的一种关键组分（转移RNA）的缺失或许会引发神经变性疾病，相关研究成果刊登于国际杂志Science上。

研究者表示，中枢神经系统中产生tRNAs的基因发生突变会导致神经元核糖体蛋白质产生过程的停止，而当另外一种名为GTPBP2的蛋白质也发生缺失的时候，神经变性疾病就会发生；研究者Ackerman说道，我们的研究阐明了，在脊椎动物中单一的tRNA基因是组织特异性表达的，而且相关基因的突变或许会引发疾病并且修饰其它的表型。

tRNA在翻译遗传代码成为蛋白质的过程中发挥着重要作用，在高等有机体中tRNA是高度多样化的，比如在人类机体中就存在61种不同的三联体tRNA，而人类基因组大约包含有500个tRNA基因。

多重基因可以编码几乎所有的tRNA类型，实际上在小鼠机体中AGA密码子是被5种tRNAs所编码的，截止到目前为止tRNA的丰富性往往会让我们忽略tRNA引发疾病的潜在突变。之前研究者就发现tRNA基因n-Tr20的突变或许是导致缺失GTPBP2的的小鼠患神经变性疾病的罪魁祸首。

在小鼠和人类机体中，tRNA的活性同时也参与到了机体大脑和中枢神经系统的生物学过程中，由n-Tr20编码的tRNA可以识别三联体密码子AGA；n-Tr20的缺失则会破坏蛋白质的生成，尤其是其可以引发合成蛋白质的细胞器-核糖体。最后研究者表明，这项研究中引发机体神经变性的新机制的发现为后期开发新型靶向疗法提供了一定的研究思路和依据。


原始出处：

Ishimura R1, Nagy G1, Dotu I2, Zhou H3, Yang XL3, Schimmel P3, Senju S4, Nishimura Y4, Chuang JH2, Ackerman SL5.RNA function. Ribosome stalling induced by mutation of a CNS-specific tRNA causes neurodegeneration.Science. 2014 Jul 25;345(6195):455-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1249749.


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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1802220, encodeId=0dd5180222080, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=acfae485578' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#科学家发现#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74855, encryptionId=acfae485578, topicName=科学家发现)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e572480, createdName=旅苦化文_208, createdTime=Fri Aug 15 06:19:00 CST 2014, time=2014-08-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=10755, encodeId=81e710e5515, content=神经变性的原因多种多样，这结果只是其中之一。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=635997983, createdName=xiaoxifeng, createdTime=Wed Jul 30 23:26:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1374916, encodeId=73ba13e49169e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Wed Jul 30 00:19:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1463486, encodeId=98f91463486ab, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7d27381288e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#变性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38128, encryptionId=7d27381288e, topicName=变性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f69f6545041, createdName=huangdf, createdTime=Wed Jul 30 00:19:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1590510, encodeId=f6051590510ec, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d785e42454f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#神经变性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74245, encryptionId=d785e42454f, topicName=神经变性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d72417807199, createdName=mfx805, createdTime=Wed Jul 30 00:19:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-08-15 旅苦化文_208

    #科学家发现#

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1802220, encodeId=0dd5180222080, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=acfae485578' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#科学家发现#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74855, encryptionId=acfae485578, topicName=科学家发现)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e572480, createdName=旅苦化文_208, createdTime=Fri Aug 15 06:19:00 CST 2014, time=2014-08-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=10755, encodeId=81e710e5515, content=神经变性的原因多种多样，这结果只是其中之一。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=635997983, createdName=xiaoxifeng, createdTime=Wed Jul 30 23:26:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1374916, encodeId=73ba13e49169e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Wed Jul 30 00:19:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1463486, encodeId=98f91463486ab, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7d27381288e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#变性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38128, encryptionId=7d27381288e, topicName=变性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f69f6545041, createdName=huangdf, createdTime=Wed Jul 30 00:19:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1590510, encodeId=f6051590510ec, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d785e42454f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#神经变性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74245, encryptionId=d785e42454f, topicName=神经变性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d72417807199, createdName=mfx805, createdTime=Wed Jul 30 00:19:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-07-30 xiaoxifeng

    神经变性的原因多种多样，这结果只是其中之一。

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1802220, encodeId=0dd5180222080, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=acfae485578' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#科学家发现#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74855, encryptionId=acfae485578, topicName=科学家发现)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e572480, createdName=旅苦化文_208, createdTime=Fri Aug 15 06:19:00 CST 2014, time=2014-08-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=10755, encodeId=81e710e5515, content=神经变性的原因多种多样，这结果只是其中之一。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=635997983, createdName=xiaoxifeng, createdTime=Wed Jul 30 23:26:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1374916, encodeId=73ba13e49169e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Wed Jul 30 00:19:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1463486, encodeId=98f91463486ab, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7d27381288e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#变性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38128, encryptionId=7d27381288e, topicName=变性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f69f6545041, createdName=huangdf, createdTime=Wed Jul 30 00:19:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1590510, encodeId=f6051590510ec, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d785e42454f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#神经变性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74245, encryptionId=d785e42454f, topicName=神经变性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d72417807199, createdName=mfx805, createdTime=Wed Jul 30 00:19:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-07-30 jichang

    #SCIE#

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1802220, encodeId=0dd5180222080, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=acfae485578' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#科学家发现#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74855, encryptionId=acfae485578, topicName=科学家发现)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e572480, createdName=旅苦化文_208, createdTime=Fri Aug 15 06:19:00 CST 2014, time=2014-08-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=10755, encodeId=81e710e5515, content=神经变性的原因多种多样，这结果只是其中之一。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=635997983, createdName=xiaoxifeng, createdTime=Wed Jul 30 23:26:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1374916, encodeId=73ba13e49169e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Wed Jul 30 00:19:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1463486, encodeId=98f91463486ab, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7d27381288e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#变性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38128, encryptionId=7d27381288e, topicName=变性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f69f6545041, createdName=huangdf, createdTime=Wed Jul 30 00:19:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1590510, encodeId=f6051590510ec, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d785e42454f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#神经变性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74245, encryptionId=d785e42454f, topicName=神经变性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d72417807199, createdName=mfx805, createdTime=Wed Jul 30 00:19:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-07-30 huangdf

    #变性#

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1802220, encodeId=0dd5180222080, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=acfae485578' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#科学家发现#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74855, encryptionId=acfae485578, topicName=科学家发现)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e572480, createdName=旅苦化文_208, createdTime=Fri Aug 15 06:19:00 CST 2014, time=2014-08-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=10755, encodeId=81e710e5515, content=神经变性的原因多种多样，这结果只是其中之一。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=635997983, createdName=xiaoxifeng, createdTime=Wed Jul 30 23:26:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1374916, encodeId=73ba13e49169e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Wed Jul 30 00:19:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1463486, encodeId=98f91463486ab, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7d27381288e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#变性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38128, encryptionId=7d27381288e, topicName=变性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f69f6545041, createdName=huangdf, createdTime=Wed Jul 30 00:19:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1590510, encodeId=f6051590510ec, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d785e42454f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#神经变性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74245, encryptionId=d785e42454f, topicName=神经变性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d72417807199, createdName=mfx805, createdTime=Wed Jul 30 00:19:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-07-30 mfx805

    #神经变性#

    0