Blood:细胞因子影响免疫细胞及免疫力的机制

2012-05-24 Deepblue 生物谷

近日,来自英国伯明翰大学医学学院的研究人员发现,IL-21能够抑制T细胞产生IL-2,以此影响了调节性T细胞(Treg)的体内平衡。相关研究于5月17日发表在Blood上。 Treg是一类具有负调节作用的T细胞亚群,包括在胸腺内分化而成的自然调节T细胞(如CD4+CD25+T细胞)和在胸腺外诱导产生的适应性调节T细胞(如Tr1细胞和Th3细胞)。调整Treg的负调节作用,对疫苗的开发,肿瘤监测的

近日,来自英国伯明翰大学医学学院的研究人员发现,IL-21能够抑制T细胞产生IL-2,以此影响了调节性T细胞(Treg)的体内平衡。相关研究于5月17日发表在Blood上。

Treg是一类具有负调节作用的T细胞亚群,包括在胸腺内分化而成的自然调节T细胞(如CD4+CD25+T细胞)和在胸腺外诱导产生的适应性调节T细胞(如Tr1细胞和Th3细胞)。调整Treg的负调节作用,对疫苗的开发,肿瘤监测的有效性,以及自身免疫的发生都具有重要意义。

之前的研究就已经发现,细胞因子IL-21能够妨碍Treg的负调节作用。然而,这是否能够反映出IL-21能够影响Treg?或常规T细胞?或者是抗原呈递细胞?目前还不明确。

这里,研究人员利用了来自IL-21R(IL-21受体)缺陷小鼠的淋巴细胞群,来准确确定IL-21靶向哪一种细胞类型。他们发现,IL-21通过作用到常规T细胞,妨碍了Treg的抑制作用。进一步研究发现,这与IL-21抑制IL-2的产生有关。

尽管没有IL-2,常规T细胞的免疫应答能够继续进行,这是因为IL-21能够代替IL-2来作为T细胞的生长因子。然而,IL-21不能够代替IL-2来促进调节性T细胞的分隔。因此,常规T细胞的IL-21通过减少IL-2的可用性,间接的影响了Treg的体内平衡。

该研究表明,在促进常规T细胞应答方面,IL-21与IL-2具有相同的作用。但是,在控制Treg的体内平衡及功能方面,它们又彼此不同。

该研究同时也表明了一个新的观点,即细胞因子能够抑制IL-2,来促进机体的免疫力。(生物谷Deepblue编译)

doi: 10.1182/blood-2011-10-388546
PMC:
PMID:

IL-21 inhibits T cell IL-2 production and impairs Treg homeostasis

Kesley Attridge, Chun Jing Wang, Lukasz Wardzinski, Rupert Kenefeck, Jayne L. Chamberlain, Claire Manzotti, Manfred Kopf, and Lucy S. K. Walker.

Modulation of regulatory T cell (Treg) suppression has important implications for vaccine development, the effectiveness of tumor surveillance, and the emergence of autoimmunity.We have previously shown that the cytokine IL-21 can counteract Treg suppression. However, whether this reflects an effect of IL-21 on Treg, conventional T cells, or antigen-presenting cells is not known.Here we have used lymphocyte populations from IL-21R–deficient mice to pinpoint which cell type needs to be targeted by IL-21 for Treg suppression to be overcome.We show that IL-21 counteracts suppression by acting on conventional T cells and that this is associated with inhibition of IL-2 production. Despite the lack of IL-2, conventional T-cell responses proceed unimpaired because IL-21 can substitute for IL-2 as a T cell growth factor.However, IL-21 is unable to substitute for IL-2 in supporting the Treg compartment. Thus, IL-21 signaling in conventional T cells indirectly impacts Treg homeostasis by decreasing IL-2 availability.These data demonstrate that IL-21 and IL-2 can have overlapping roles in promoting conventional T-cell responses but play distinct roles in controlling Treg homeostasis and function. The data also suggest a new paradigm whereby cytokines can promote immunity by inhibiting IL-2

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    2015-04-18 610125

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