Spine:骨水泥定向椎体后凸成形可减少渗漏发生率

2013-10-21 佚名 丁香园

骨质疏松症是十大世界性疾病之一,椎体压缩性骨折是骨质疏松症患者的最常见骨折,严重影响了患者的生活质量与生存率。近年来微创椎体强化技术开创了这类骨折治疗的新纪元, 1994年美国学者 Wong和Reiley等设计了球囊扩张后凸成形术,1998年美国FDA批准其运用于临床。椎体后凸成形术不仅能迅速缓解患者疼痛,同时又能使骨折椎体复位,恢复椎体高度,矫正后凸畸形,增加肺活量,改善

骨质疏松症是十大世界性疾病之一,椎体压缩性骨折是骨质疏松症患者的最常见骨折,严重影响了患者的生活质量与生存率。近年来微创椎体强化技术开创了这类骨折治疗的新纪元, 1994年美国学者 Wong和Reiley等设计了球囊扩张后凸成形术,1998年美国FDA批准其运用于临床。椎体后凸成形术不仅能迅速缓解患者疼痛,同时又能使骨折椎体复位,恢复椎体高度,矫正后凸畸形,增加肺活量,改善肺功能,因而得到了广泛的应用。

骨水泥渗漏是椎体成形术中严重的并发症,可能导致肺栓塞、神经损伤、节段血管损伤。对于骨质疏松压缩性骨折、血管瘤、脊柱肿瘤等疾病的治疗,以往文献中报道的骨水泥渗漏的发生率仍较高。为了降低骨水泥渗漏的发生率,许多新式的椎体后凸成形术也孕育而生。美国学者Thomas J. Vogl等进行了一项前瞻性随机对照研究,以评价一种新的椎体后凸畸形成形术是否能降低骨水泥渗漏的发生风险。该研究结果已在近期的Spine杂志上发表。【原文下载】

在该研究中,研究者将一种可限制骨水泥向椎体后方渗漏的新型骨水泥定向椎体后凸成形系统(cement directed kyphoplasty system,CDKS)与椎体成形术进行比较,研究CDKS治疗骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折的安全性与有效性。87例出现疼痛症状的骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折患者,按照2:1被随机分为CDKS组与椎体成形术组。

CDKS组患者49例,共有65个椎体节段行手术治疗;椎体成形术组患者28例,共有39个椎体节段行手术治疗。术后随访的第3与12个月时,通过借助于X线平片与CT扫描等影像学检查判断患者是否骨水泥渗漏,测量椎体的高度,并计算新骨折的发生率。

该研究中的CDKS系统由位于美国马萨诸塞州Natick市的Soteira公司提供。骨水泥定向内置物由一根不能承重的、空心的却能被动扩张的圆柱状装置构成,其制造材料为镍钛合金丝、聚对苯二甲酸二乙酯纤维,聚碳酸酯聚氨酯等复合材料。内置物直径10mm,包括15mm,20mm,25mm三种长度,可根据内置物的型号选择不同的长度。

手术首先经肋椎关节入路或经椎弓根入路暴露,然后从一侧的椎弓根跨正中线至椎体对侧前方的四分之一象限钻一条直径为10mm的骨道。置入先前注射了骨水泥的内置物,控制并使骨水泥定向流向松质骨周围。向内置物内注射骨水泥,通过内置物壁上的开口定向控制骨水泥,使其在椎体的前方形成一个骨水泥覆盖物向终板扩张,并通过填充裂纹与空隙以及粘合松质骨来稳定骨折。

该研究结果显示,CDKS组患者的注射骨水泥量平均为3.77±0.69 mL,与椎体成形术组患者的3.99±1.10 mL之间无显著差异。CDKS组患者发生骨水泥渗漏的节段数量以及每个节段发生渗漏的总次数均显著低于椎体形成术组的患者。CDKS组患者只有6个节段发生了骨水泥渗漏,渗漏总次数为42次;椎体成形术组患者有12个节段发生了骨水泥渗漏,渗漏总次数为54次。

CDKS组患者骨水泥渗漏率、骨水泥向椎体两侧皮质骨和向后方的椎管内发生渗漏的例数也显著少于椎体成形术组的患者。椎体成形术组患者临近节段的新发骨折共有3例,骨折发生率为7.7%;而CDKS组患者共发生了2例临近节段的新发骨折,骨折发生率为3.1%。两组患者在随访各时间点的椎体高度相当,二者无明显差异。

该研究结果表明,采用骨水泥定向椎体后凸成形技术治疗骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折的疗效与椎体成形术相当,但可以有效地减少椎体后方骨水泥渗漏的发生率,降低渗漏相关并发症的风险。因此,骨水泥定向椎体后凸成形技术治疗骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折是一种安全有效的方法。

原文检索:

Vogl TJ, Pflugmacher R, Hierholzer J, Stender G, Gounis M, Wakhloo A, Fiebig C, Hammerstingl R.Cement directed kyphoplasty reduces cement leakage as compared with vertebroplasty: results of a controlled, randomized trial.Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2013 Sep 15;38(20):1730-6. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3182a14d15.【原文下载】

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    2013-11-27 mgqwxj
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    2013-12-12 liao1632
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    2013-10-23 dingxiaobo
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    2013-10-23 zhs3882