Sci Trans Med:老年痴呆可能是大脑对抗感染病菌导致的

2016-05-31 佚名 生物谷

(图片摘自www.sciencealert.com) 一项新的研究表明,阿兹海默症实际上是由于大脑抵抗外源微生物侵染而引发的后遗症。虽然这一假说并没有详述其中的机制,但似乎微生物在入侵血-脑屏障之后能够引发大脑粘斑的产生。 至今,该假说仅仅在小鼠水平得到了验证,不过如果该现象同样发生在人体水平的话,将会帮助科学家们加深对阿兹海默症的理解以及开发出更加有效的治疗手段。 根据之前的研究,神

(图片摘自www.sciencealert.com)

一项新的研究表明,阿兹海默症实际上是由于大脑抵抗外源微生物侵染而引发的后遗症。虽然这一假说并没有详述其中的机制,但似乎微生物在入侵血-脑屏障之后能够引发大脑粘斑的产生。

至今,该假说仅仅在小鼠水平得到了验证,不过如果该现象同样发生在人体水平的话,将会帮助科学家们加深对阿兹海默症的理解以及开发出更加有效的治疗手段。

根据之前的研究,神经细胞外部的脂肪膜中产生的beta淀粉样蛋白组成的粘斑是引发阿兹海默症的关键因子。尽管科学家们目前仍不了解这一结构产生的原因以及直接效应,但所有患有阿兹海默症的患者脑部都存在这样的病变结构。

有人认为这一粘性的斑状结构是大脑的抗感染免疫反应的结果。大脑通过这种方式能够阻断细胞间的信号传递,同时能够引发炎症,进而将受损的细胞清除。这一过程的副效应就是记忆的损伤以及认知障碍的出现。

为了检验这一假说,来自哈佛医学院的研究者们向小鼠的脑部注射细菌,经过一夜,他们发现小鼠的脑中出现了明显的斑状结构。

之后,他们在线虫以及体外培养的神经细胞上都进行了验证,得到了相符的结果,即大脑在受到微生物病原体威胁的时候会产生斑块。

虽然我们仍不清楚内部的发生机制,但研究者们认为beta淀粉样蛋白是大脑产生的用于抓捕杀伤细菌、病毒以及其它类型的穿越血脑屏障到达脑部的病原微生物的手段。这是大脑自我保护的天然手段。

不过,如果这些斑状结构不能及时的清除,将有可能会导致炎症以及其它蛋白的缠结,进而导致阿兹海默症的发生。

“我们的发现提出了新的阿兹海默症发病机制,下一步需要搞清楚在阿兹海默症发病过程中是否真的有抗感染免疫反应的出现”研究者之一,神经学家Robert Moir说道。“免疫信号通路也许能够成为治疗该疾病的新的靶点”。

随着年龄的增长,血脑屏障会变得越来越弱,这会提高细菌或者病毒跨越进入大脑的可能性。这也许是为什么老年人高发阿兹海默症的原因。

相关结果发表在最近的《Science Translational Medicine》杂志上。

原始出处

Deepak Kumar Vijaya Kumar, Se Hoon Choi, Kevin J. Washicosky, William A. Eimer1, Stephanie Tucker, Jessica Ghofrani, Aaron Lefkowitz, Gawain McColl, Lee E. Goldstein, Rudolph E. Tanzi and Robert D. Moir.Amyloid-β peptide protects against microbial infection in mouse and worm models of Alzheimer’s disease.Sci Trans Med:.2016

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    2017-03-03 bsmagic9140
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    2016-06-02 xugc
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    2016-06-01 沉心多思

    越来越多心的观点

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