Cell:为何太晚睡觉总会让人感觉睡睡睡不够?

2016-05-23 佚名 生物谷

                                                     最近美国约翰斯霍普金斯

                                                    
最近美国约翰斯霍普金斯大学的研究人员在果蝇中发现一种与睡眠冲动有关的脑细胞,或可解释拖延睡眠时间导致慢性嗜睡的原因。虽然果蝇与人类在外表上存在非常大的差别,但是仍然与人类共有许多相同基因甚至行为,因此这项研究或为解决人类睡眠障碍提供新的见解。相关研究结果发表在国际学术期刊Cell上。
 
在这项研究中,为了找到调节睡眠的细胞,研究人员利用基因工程技术在超过500个果蝇品系中激活了小部分神经元,随后检测果蝇的睡眠情况。其中一些品系的果蝇会持续睡眠几个小时,甚至在关闭神经元细胞之后仍然保持嗜睡状态,这表明他们找到了触发睡眠冲动的细胞。
 
随后研究人员借助荧光显微镜对果蝇大脑中诱导睡眠冲动的细胞进行了鉴别和定位。结果发现了这种叫做R2神经元的细胞,存在于一种椭球体结构中。为了进一步探明究竟发生了什么,研究人员在R2神经元中表达了破伤风毒素,能够阻断神经元放电,结果发现R2神经元沉默的果蝇仍然保持正常的睡眠时间,但是如果在夜间通过摇晃培养瓶剥夺这些果蝇的睡眠,它们"反弹性睡眠"的时间明显少于对照组。
 
为了进一步了解R2神经元的作用,研究人员利用微小电极测量了睡眠状态和清醒状态下的果蝇大脑中R2神经元的放电活动。结果发现得到充分休息的果蝇其R2神经元大约每秒放电一次,活跃度非常低。而睡眠状态下的果蝇其神经元每秒放电几乎达到四次,而处于睡眠缺乏状态的果蝇其R2神经元活跃度最高,每秒放电大约七次。他们还发现睡眠缺乏状态下或者临近睡眠时间,R2神经元释放的神经递质会增多,大脑通过这种机制对睡眠冲动进行调节。
 
研究人员表示,R2神经元在处于睡眠缺乏状态的果蝇中放电速率最高,这种神经元的激活会促进果蝇睡眠,表明R2神经元是触发睡眠冲动的关键神经元。这项研究或将帮助解决睡眠冲动过度活跃导致的嗜睡问题。 
 
原始出处
 
Sha Liu1, 3, Qili Liu1, 3, Masashi Tabuchi1, Mark N. Wu.Sleep Drive Is Encoded by Neural Plastic Changes in a Dedicated Circuit .Cell.2016
 

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    2017-03-19 维他命
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    2016-05-25 tsing_hit

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