指南解读:慢性丙型肝炎病毒感染进入新时代

2011-10-20 MedSci MedSci原创

作者: 魏来 北京大学人民医院 北京大学肝病研究所  HCV EXPRESSION AND PURIFICATION OF RECOMBINANT FORMS OF E1 AND E2 (图片来源:Frederick Cancer Research Center)       美国肝病研究学会(AASLD)于20

作者: 魏来 北京大学人民医院 北京大学肝病研究所 

丙型肝炎病毒 HCV(EXPRESSION AND PURIFICATION OF RECOMBINANT FORMS OF E1 AND E2)
HCV EXPRESSION AND PURIFICATION OF RECOMBINANT FORMS OF E1 AND E2
 (图片来源:Frederick Cancer Research Center)

       美国肝病研究学会(AASLD)于2011年更新了《基因1型慢性丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染治疗指南》(以下简称指南),该指南是基于博赛泼维(BOC)和特拉泼维(TVR)在欧美的相继上市。该指南具有显著的时代和规范的特色。【点击下载指南全文】

第一,根据最新进展,及时更新指南

       该指南针对BOC和TVR在不同类型患者中的最新研究结果,给临床医师提出具体、规范的指导意见,而非仅是药品说明书。

第二,该指南突出基因1型HCV感染的治疗

       虽然BOC和TVR的临床试验大多是针对基因1型HCV感染者,但是其进展是突破性的,表明慢性HCV感染的抗病毒治疗进入了直接作用抗病毒(DAA)药物时代,显著提高了基因1型HCV感染者的持续病毒学应答率。新的循证医学证据的获得和新药的上市,使指南的更新成为必然。
虽然有限的临床研究显示,BOC和TVR在基因2型HCV感染患者中具有一定的效果,但是,其所获得的证据还不足以用于指南的推荐。为及时指导临床,此次仅仅更新了关于基因1型HCV感染的抗病毒治疗推荐意见。

第三,对不同的患者进行分类推荐

       根据设计完美的BOC和TVR临床研究的结果,此次更新的指南将BOC或TVR联合方案的三联治疗推荐应用于初治患者和经治患者。对于初治患者中的肝硬化患者,该指南又特别给予了特殊的疗程推荐;对于经治患者,又分为以往治疗部分应答、无应答以及复发来分别对待。

第四,抗病毒治疗选择方案更多,应用更灵活

       与以往聚乙二醇干扰素α(Peg-IFNα)联合利巴韦林(RBV)的标准方案相比较,加用BOC或TVR后的三联治疗方案在设计上就有多样性的特点。

       因此,在HCV感染的抗病毒治疗中,使临床医师有了多个可选择的方案,使得治疗也更加灵活。例如,BOC有导入期,而TVR没有;应答指导治疗(RGT)策略可用于复发患者和部分应答患者,但不推荐用于无应答患者;RGT策略中判断快速病毒学应答(RVR)的时间点在BOC应用中是在第8及24周,在 TVR应用中则是在第4及12周。

第五,三联治疗的停药是依据应答反应

       与标准方案相比,联合应用BOC或TVR的三联治疗方案中的停药原则更加重要。既往标准方案的停药原则更多考虑的是成本效益比,减少患者暴露于药物和发生不良反应的风险,而联合应用BOC或TVR治疗后,一旦应答不佳,如继续治疗,就有可能导致耐药株的被选择。所以,该指南关于停药原则的推荐意见虽然是B 级,却是1类,即有益、有用和有效。

       BOC和TVR的停药原则并不完全一样。对于接受BOC联合Peg-IFNα和RBV治疗的经治患者,如果治疗第12周HCV RNA>100 IU/ml,则须停止所有治疗。对于接受TVR联合Peg-IFNα和RBV治疗的经治患者,如果第4周或12周HCV RNA>1000 IU/ml,则可停止所有治疗。

第六,更加关注耐药问题

       与停药原则一样重要的是,更新指南的第二条推荐意见就是“BOC和TVR不能单独使用,必须联合Peg-IFNα和RBV(根据体重调整剂量)使用”。这是由于单独使用BOC或TVR会很快筛选出耐药突变株并持续较长时间存在,因而决不可单用BOC或TVR。

第七,广泛、公开征求意见,更加开放

       该指南在2011年10月发布,也在10月份的AASLD会刊《肝脏病学》(Hepatology)杂志上发表。[Hepatology. 2011 Oct;54(4):1433-44] 同时,AASLD在其网站上公开征求意见,而且持续1个月的时间。我国肝病工作者如有意见和建议,也同样可登陆AASLD的网站(http://www.aasld.org/practiceguidelines/Pages/PGForm.aspx)提交。但考虑到提交的意见和建议可能会比较多,AASLD将不会一一回复,而是在今后以编辑部意见发表,或者在再次修改指南时应用。

       我国肝病工作者一定要注意的是,该指南依据是来自欧美人群的临床试验结果,BOC和TVR在我国人群的临床试验还未开始。该指南对于我们有启发和参考价值,不能完全照搬。在今后的临床试验和应用时,我们应更加注意该指南中所提到的RGT、停药原则及副作用处理问题。

 

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