柳叶刀揭示西班牙疫苗混打AZ疫苗与辉瑞疫苗后特异性抗体显著增高

2021-06-28 JACKZHAO MedSci原创

柳叶刀于2021年6月25日在线发表了一篇研究,本研究旨在评估

https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(21)01420-3/fulltext

6月25日《柳叶刀》在线发表了旨在评估第一针接种ChAdOx1-S疫苗第二针接种BNT162b2疫苗人群的免疫原性和反应原性研究,该研究是首个评估异源疫苗接种免疫原性和反应原性的临床研究。

该研究(CombiVacS)主要在西班牙五所大学附属医院进行,是一项多中心、开放标签、随机对照的II期研究,该研究已在EudraCT(2021-001978-37)和 ClinicalTrials.gov(NCT04860739)注册,研究还在进行中。

研究招募对象为年龄在 18-60 岁、在筛查前 8-12 周接种单剂 ChAdOx1-S疫苗 且无 SARS-CoV-2 感染史的成年人。符合入选标准的人按照2:1被随机分配到干预组和对照组,干预组人群将接种接受一次BNT162b2(0.3 mL),对照组无干预措施。通过收集研究对象的接种疫苗当天、第7天、第14天的不良反应事件和血标本,进行免疫原性和反应原性方面的评估。通过比较接种BNT162b2疫苗后14 天针对新冠病毒RBD和S抗原特异性抗体的差异,次要结果是采用假病毒中和试验评估抗体功能,并使用干扰素-γ 免疫试验评估细胞免疫反应。反应原性结果是评估接种BNT162b2后7天内的局部和全身不良事件。

在2021年4月24日至30日期间,在西班牙的五所大学附属医院共招募了 676 名符合入选标准的研究对象,平均年龄为44岁,382名(57%)为 女性,294名(43%)为男性。研究对象按照2:1随机分配到干预组(n=450)或对照组(n=226)。最后663(98%)名参与者(干预组441名,对照组222名)在第 14 天完成了研究。

研究结果发现,异源疫苗接种第 14 天新冠病毒RBD特异性抗体滴度的几何平均值在两组之间有显著性差异:干预组RBD特异性抗体平均为7756.68 BAU/mL(95% CI 7371.53-8161.96),对照组平均为99.84 BAU/mL(95% CI :76.93-129.59);干预组是对照组的77.69倍(95% CI 59.57-101.32)。另外,接种第 14 天新冠病毒S抗原特异性抗体的滴度在两组之间也有显著性差异:干预组S抗原特异性抗体平均为3684.87 BAU/mL(95% CI 3429.87-3958.83),对照组平均为101.2BAU/mL(95% CI :82.45–124.22);干预组是对照组的 36.41倍(95% CI 29.31–45.23;p<0·0001)。

研究通过假病毒中和试验评估抗体功能的实验发现,干预组中和抗体的平均数较基线水平增加了 45 倍,而对照组中和抗体活性在第14天与基线相比无显著差异。

在细胞免疫方面,该研究在 151 名研究对象(n=99 干预组,n=52 对照组)中评估了功能性S抗原特异性 T 细胞反应的动态变化。研究发现,第 0 天干预组的 IFN-γ释放值平均为129.63 pg/mL(95% CI 103.51-162.35),对照组 IFN-γ平均为 151.63 pg/mL(95% CI 114.09-201.53)。在异源疫苗接种第 14 天,干预组的 IFN-γ 产生显著增加,平均为521.22 pg/mL(95% CI 422.44-643.09),而对照组IFN-γ 产生无明显变化,平均为122.67 pg/ml(95% CI 88.55-169.95)。

反应原性分析基于干预组 448 名个体中征集的不良事件分析。最常见的全身反应包括头痛(n=199 [44%])、肌痛(n=194 [43%])和不适(n=187 [42%]),其他相对少见的全身不良反应为发烧 (n=11 [2%])。局部不良反应最常见的包括注射部位疼痛(n=395 [88%])、硬结(n=159 [35%])和红斑(n=139 [31%])。在干预组接种疫苗后 7 天内报告的 1771 起不良事件中,大多数为轻度 (n=1210 [68%]) 或中度 (n=530 [30%]),并且是自限性的,没有严重的不良事件的报告。

该研究表明,在第一剂接种ChAdOx1-S疫苗的个体8-12周后予以第二剂接种BNT162b2疫苗后14 天的体液免疫和细胞免疫反应显著增加,异源疫苗接种能够极大程度增强疫苗接种效果,产生高滴度抗体。不过该研究只进行了单独接种ChAdOx1-S疫苗和混合接种ChAdOx1-S+BNT162b2这两组人群对比,并没有与接种两次BNT162b2疫苗或者接种两次ChAdOx1-S疫苗的人群进行免疫反应的对比。

文章指出,这是第一份报告显示COVID-19 异源疫苗接种计划诱导人体的免疫反应与可接受和可控的反应原性特征。 这在第二次给药后 7 天获得早期反应,并且在第 14 天确认,显示出与异种方案。 特别是,有一个强大的评估的免疫反应之间的一致性针对 SARS-CoV-2 尖峰的特异性抗体的滴度蛋白质和功能的比例增加相应测试中的中和能力。之间观察到很强的正相关两种免疫测定和假病毒中和测定。 免疫细胞反应 14 天后加强疫苗也为有效性提供支持的异源方法。

该研究还在进行中;未来比较同源和异源疫苗接种的研究结果会陆续公布,可能会对疫苗接种策略具有一定的参考意义。

 

参考文献:

Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of BNT162b2 booster in ChAdOx1-S-primed participants (CombiVacS): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet. Published Online June 25, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0140-6736(21)01420-3

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英国知名医学期刊《柳叶刀》总编辑理查德·霍顿日前在英国《卫报》撰文说,在应对新冠疫情的过程中,中国科学家果断、负责地采取行动,保护人民健康。

《柳叶刀》主编:美国暂停支持WHO的做法是对全人类犯罪

当地时间15日,全球知名医学刊物《柳叶刀》杂志主编理查德·霍顿在社交媒体上表示,美国政府暂停向世卫组织提供资金支持的决定“简直就是对全人类的犯罪”,他呼吁每一位科

预防结核的卡介苗可减轻新冠影响?柳叶刀:请遵循世卫建议

卡介苗除了抗结核的特别作用外,还有着对免疫系统有益的非特异性作用,可以帮助抵抗多种其他感染,并常被用于治疗膀胱癌。近期不断有科研人员提出,接种卡介苗或许能保护医护人员和其他危险人群免受新冠的侵害。

何时才能靠群体免疫战胜新冠病毒?《柳叶刀》这么说

新冠肺炎疫情正在全球肆虐,很多国家并没有给予足够的重视。例如美国总统特朗普就曾将新冠肺炎称为“小流感”,希望通过“群体免疫”来对抗来势汹汹的病毒。

柳叶刀杂志社连发4篇文章阐述青少年癌症的现状

在全球范围内,每天有700名儿童被诊断患有癌症,情况非常严峻。近期,柳叶刀杂志社旗下子刊在线发表了四篇关于青少年癌症的系列推文,系统的阐述了青少年癌症的现状、负担、癌症数据以及治疗建议。1、The global burden of childhood andadolescent cancer in 2017: an analysis of the Global Burden of Diseas

拓展阅读

Nature:癌症免疫治疗的未来:疫苗的力量

从20世纪末的初步探索到21世纪的技术革新,癌症疫苗的发展经历了多个重要阶段。

Arthritis Res Ther:接种疫苗是否会增加患系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)的风险?

大部分疫苗,包括常见的流感和新冠疫苗,与SLE风险之间没有关联。

无复发生存16个月!《自然-医学》:通用癌症疫苗,突破“难以成药”

加州大学洛杉矶分校医疗中心正在进行的一项临床试验信息引起了Rahma及其家人的关注,这项试验正在评估一种手术后使用的“现货型”的疫苗,目的是预防或延迟癌症高危患者病情复发。

JCC:重组带状疱疹疫苗(RZV)对降低炎症性肠病患者发生带状疱疹(HZ)有效

炎症性肠病是一种非特异性的慢性肠道炎性疾病,主要包括溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病,前者主要损害结肠和直肠,后者可损害从口腔到肛门之间的任意胃肠道部位。

新冠病毒感染及疫苗影响转基因吗?5314名参与者的数据分析!

本研究旨在评估接受COVID-19疫苗或经历SARS-CoV-2感染是否影响育龄妇女的月经周期,以及如有影响,其造成月经不规律的持续时间!

永远相信好的事情即将发生,疫苗可以延迟KRAS突变胰腺癌、肠癌的复发!

尽管存在KRAS突变的胰腺癌和肠癌办法很少,但是我们感谢这个世界存在不断钻研的科学家,最近发布在《自然医学》杂志的研究表明,一种疫苗具有预防KRAS突变的胰腺癌、结直肠癌复发的潜力。