药物研发史上里程碑式的进展——科学家可无限制的生产功能性肝细胞

2015-08-02 sunshine 译 MedSci原创

肝脏在人体代谢过程中起着重要的作用。作为消化道的“门卫”,肝脏负责药物的降解,因此成为了最易由于药物过量或滥用而受损的器官。评估药物诱导性肝损伤是研发药物的重要部分,必须对人体干细胞进行研究实验。遗憾的是,人类干细胞的供应很少,仅能从捐赠的器官中分离获得。现在,发表于《肝脏病学杂志 》的一项研究表明,科学家已成功通过人胚胎干细胞和基因功能诱导出大量有功能的肝细胞。“这是药物研发史上一个革


肝脏在人体代谢过程中起着重要的作用。作为消化道的“门卫”,肝脏负责药物的降解,因此成为了最易由于药物过量或滥用而受损的器官。评估药物诱导性肝损伤是研发药物的重要部分,必须对人体干细胞进行研究实验。遗憾的是,人类干细胞的供应很少,仅能从捐赠的器官中分离获得。

现在,发表于《肝脏病学杂志 》的一项研究表明,科学家已成功通过人胚胎干细胞和基因功能诱导出大量有功能的肝细胞。

“这是药物研发史上一个革命性的进展,”本研究资深作者 Prof. Yaakov Nahmias说道,“虽然在我们之前也有研究人员可诱导出肝细胞,但是他们所诱导出的肝细胞并没有功能活性,因此用于研究效果并不可靠。事实上,到目前为止,干细胞来源的肝细胞在预测临川结果方面并无作用。”

诱导出有功能的肝细胞是药物试验中遇到的一个主要瓶颈,制药公司每年仅在肝细胞研究上花费便可达10亿美金。“我们可无限制的生产功能性肝细胞这一能力将彻底改变这一切,”Nahmias说道。

这一突破是随着今年早些时候女婴Nahmias的出生而来。“看着她出生后片刻后进食,我意识到这是她的肝脏首次开始工作,”Nahmias说道,“以前从未有人想过模仿人类的发育,所以这正是我们所做的。”

该研究小组接着发现出生后细菌填充了婴儿的肠道,产生维生素K2和胆酸,可激活婴儿肝脏的药物代谢功能。

这项开创性工作进一步证实了,胚胎干细胞或基因工程所产生的肝细胞均可检测十几种药物的毒副作用,其准确率达97%以上。

“肝脏生物学及药物研发的影响是相当惊人的,” Prof. Oren Shibolet说道,“这种方法可无限制的产生功能性肝细胞,可提高我们预测药物毒性的能力,而这时以往所生产的肝细胞所不能做到的。此外,由于剖腹产婴儿的肠道菌群发生了变化,因此分娩的方式可能会影响新生儿肝脏的发育。目前的应对措施是给予婴儿常规服用维生素C。研究数据表明,父母若不给予婴儿维生素C,则可能导致婴儿肝脏的发育成熟及药物的代谢发生改变。”

原始出处:

Avior Y, Levy G, Zimerman M, Kitsberg D, Schwartz R, Sadeh R, Moussaieff A, Cohen M, Itskovitz-Eldor J, Nahmias Y.Microbial-derived lithocholic acid and vitamin K2 drive the metabolic maturation of pluripotent stem cells-derived and fetal hepatocytes.Hepatology. 2015 Jul;62(1):265-78.


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    2016-06-14 xzw113
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    2015-11-13 xjy02
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    2015-08-04 lqvr
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