抗体药物研发ABC

2017-02-27 佚名 生物药之家

近年来,小分子类重磅药物专利进入到期潮,在小分子新药开发日益困难的大背景下,以抗体类药物为代表的生物技术药物的研发异军突起。根据汤森路透的数据,目前已获批或至少进入Ⅲ期临床研究的抗体类药物共有243个,其中114种品种已经获批。243个抗体类药物中,有163个属于创新药,另有80个是生物类似物。随着政府全面布局“精准医药”,靶向药物和免疫药物为代表的新一代药物正在改变包括癌症在内的多种疑难疾病的治


近年来,小分子类重磅药物专利进入到期潮,在小分子新药开发日益困难的大背景下,以抗体类药物为代表的生物技术药物的研发异军突起。根据汤森路透的数据,目前已获批或至少进入Ⅲ期临床研究的抗体类药物共有243个,其中114种品种已经获批。243个抗体类药物中,有163个属于创新药,另有80个是生物类似物。随着政府全面布局“精准医药”,靶向药物和免疫药物为代表的新一代药物正在改变包括癌症在内的多种疑难疾病的治疗观念。本文就抗体药物市场概况和抗体靶点两个方面做简单的介绍。

一 .抗体药物市场概况

抗体类药物具有惊人的市场规模,2015年全球最畅销Top10药物中抗体类药物占据大半,2015年全球抗体药物市场规模已高达906美元,PMR的报告预测,到2020年全球生物技术产品依然将保持10.1%的年均复合增长速度,预计2020年全球抗体类药物市场规模将超过1400亿美元。

抗体类药物主要聚焦在抗肿瘤用药和治疗多种免疫相关疾病的抗TNF-α类药物,两类药品2014年全球销售额达到700亿美元,占据抗体类药物市场规模的82%(Fig.1)。其中,全球销售Top10抗体药物(Table1),Humira、Enbrel、Remicade、Rituxan、Avastin、Herceptin等合计销售额便高达652亿美元,占到整个抗体药物市场份额一半。相比较,中国的抗体类药物创新相比欧美还较为落后,国内抗体药市场绝大部分份额还被外资企业产品占据,目前在国内销售额超过1亿元的国内抗体药物仅有益赛普、泰欣生和朗沐3个。



二. 抗体靶点

 从1992年首个抗体药物Orthoclone上市以来,截至2016年03月,欧美日等主要市场共上市了61个抗体药物,其相关靶点主要有42个(Fig.2)。目前,如何通过抗体的工程化,设计更有针对性、更能解决临床问题的新型抗体,是抗体类发展的一个重要方向。这个方向包括抗体片段、双特异性抗体和抗体偶联物等研发热点,以雷珠单抗、Blinatumomab和Kadcyla为代表的新型单抗陆续获批。 

国内生物医药企业开始竞相布局抗体药物研发,据CFDA官方消息,截至2015年下半年,共有近200家药企提交抗体药物临床申请,国内总计有600家企业涉足抗体药物领域,截止2016年03月15日,CFDA公开的受理抗体药物品种共有280余个,除去拒绝及重复品种,共有280个。其中进口品种132个,国产品种148个(Table2)。靶点以TNF-α、EGFR、VEGF、HER2为主,即全球最畅销的几个抗体药物:Humira、Enbrel、Rituxan、Herceptin、Avastin等为主。这几个靶点合计的在研抗体药物数(已受理)为85个,占到总数的75%以上。



目前,国家新药创制政策对生物药创新日益重视,最新的“十三五”新药创制计划明确对抗体类药物新技术和新靶点创新的支持,包括双特异性抗体、抗体偶联物、PD-1类药物等都将给予重点支持。抗体药物的研发异常激烈,且正赶上监管改革的大时代,如何先人一步、走在行业前沿是一个值得思考的问题;注重技术创新、人才建设、技术积累和行业合作是企业发展的关键,抗体药物是中国医药产业发展的重要机遇,能否在该领域有所作为将决定中国医药产业未来走势。

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    2017-03-01 lqvr
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