Cochrane Database Syst Rev:成人艰难梭菌相关性腹泻的抗菌药物治疗

2017-05-02 常路 环球医学

艰难梭菌是抗菌药物相关腹泻和结肠炎的常见原因。本综述是之前发表在Cochrane综述上的更新。相关报告发表在2017年3月《Cochrane Database Syst Rev》。

艰难梭菌是抗菌药物相关腹泻和结肠炎的常见原因。本综述是之前发表在Cochrane综述上的更新。相关报告发表在2017年3月《Cochrane Database Syst Rev》。

目的:本综述的目的为调查抗菌药物治疗艰难梭菌相关性腹泻(CDAD)或艰难梭菌感染(CDI)的有效性和安全性。其中,CDAD和CDI为同义词。

主要结果:纳入了22项研究,研究包含3215名参与者。多数研究纳入了轻度至中度CDI的患者,并且这些患者可以耐受口服抗菌药物。16项纳入的研究将重症CDI的患者排除在外,剩下的6项研究纳入少数重症CDI患者。研究调查了12种不同的抗菌药物:万古霉素、甲硝唑、夫西地酸、硝唑尼特、替考拉宁、利福平、利福昔明、杆菌肽、cadazolid、LFF517、surotomycin和非达霉素。多数研究为万古霉素与其他抗菌药物的活性比较研究。一项小型研究将万古霉素与安慰剂进行了比较。没有其他研究将抗菌药物治疗与安慰剂或不治疗的对照组进行比较。在实现症状完全缓解的基础上,万古霉素比甲硝唑更有效。72%(318/444)接受甲硝唑治疗的患者实现了症状完全缓解,而万古霉素治疗的患者为79%(339/428)(RR,0.90;95% CI,0.84~0.97;中等质量证据)。在实现症状完全缓解上,非达霉素比万古霉素更有效。71%(407/572)接受非达霉素治疗的患者实现症状完全缓解,而万古霉素治疗的患者为61%(361/592)(RR,1.17;95% CI,1.04~1.31;中等质量证据)。在实现症状完全缓解上,替考拉宁比万古霉素更有效。87%(48/55)接受替考拉宁治疗的患者实现症状治愈,而万古霉素治疗的患者为73%(40/55)(RR,1.21;95% CI,1.00~1.46;非常低质量证据)。研究报道了140例死亡,研究作者认为,所有死亡都为参与者因获得性CDI的合并症所造成的。虽然研究期间报道了许多其他不良事件,但是这都是因为参与者的合并症造成的。与研究药物直接相关的仅有的不良事件为罕见的恶心和肝酶的暂时升高。10天疗程的最新成本数据(2016年7月)表明,甲硝唑500mg是最便宜的抗菌药物,其成本为13USD(健康商店)。万古霉素125mg的成本为1779USD(56片),而非达霉素200mg为3453.83或更多的USD(Optimer制药),替考拉宁约为83.67USD(GBP,71.40,英国国家药典)。

结论:关于抗菌药物治疗在重症CDI中的疗效方面没有得出确切的结论,因为大多数研究排除了重症疾病患者。缺乏任何“无治疗”对照研究不能得出任何关于抗菌药物治疗对轻度CDI患者超出初始抗菌药物撤药需求的结论。尽管如此,中等质量的证据表明,万古霉素优于甲硝唑,而非达霉素优于万古霉素。这些抗菌药物的有效性差异不是太大,与其他两种抗菌药物相比,甲硝唑的成本要低得多。替考拉宁的证据质量很低。需要充分的有力研究来确定替考拉宁是否与其他抗菌药物一样有效。比较两种最便宜抗菌药物甲硝唑和替考拉宁的试验将是有意义的。

原始出处:

Nelson RL,Suda KJ,Evans CT.Antibiotic treatment for Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea in adults.Cochrane Database Syst Rev.

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    2017-05-04 lhlxtx
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    2017-05-04 bbjsj_1981
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    2017-05-02 吴教授

    学习了

    0

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