J Cell Sci:熊文勇研究组在胰岛素抵抗调控GLUT4分布模式的研究中取得重要进展

2017-04-29 佚名 昆明植物研究所

葡萄糖转运体(GLUT4)是脂肪细胞和肌细胞中最主要的葡萄糖转运蛋白,胰岛素调控的GLUT4膜转运对于机体血糖平衡的维持至关重要。GLUT4转运障碍是机体产生胰岛素抵抗或患有2型糖尿病的主要表现之一。目前,绝大多数有关GLUT4的研究主要针对GLUT4的表达和膜转运,关于GLUT4自身蛋白活性的研究也有少量报道。然而对于GLUT4在其行使葡萄糖转运功能的地方——细胞膜上的分布模式及其相关影响因素的

葡萄糖转运体(GLUT4)是脂肪细胞和肌细胞中最主要的葡萄糖转运蛋白,胰岛素调控的GLUT4膜转运对于机体血糖平衡的维持至关重要。GLUT4转运障碍是机体产生胰岛素抵抗或患有2型糖尿病的主要表现之一。目前,绝大多数有关GLUT4的研究主要针对GLUT4的表达和膜转运,关于GLUT4自身蛋白活性的研究也有少量报道。然而对于GLUT4在其行使葡萄糖转运功能的地方——细胞膜上的分布模式及其相关影响因素的研究却极少。另外,由于衍射极限的存在使得传统光学显微镜的成像分辨率无法突破200 nm, 这也使得研究者们无法在超高分辨率甚至单分子水平去获取GLUT4在细胞膜上的分布模式的详细信息。

随着超分辨成像技术的出现及迅速发展,使得成像分辨率最高可达到20nm以下,这为科研人员提供了绝佳的工具和手段,从而能在单分子水平去研究细胞膜上GLUT4的分布模式。

中国科学院昆明植物研究所熊文勇研究组与长春应用化学研究所电分析国家重点实验室王宏达研究组合作,利用直接随机光学重建超分辨显微镜(dSTORM),对不同生理状态下脂肪细胞质膜上GLUT4的分布模式进行观察和统计分析,从单分子水平解析了脂肪细胞质膜表面GLUT4在不同生理状态下的分布模式变化。结果显示在胰岛素刺激后,细胞质膜上的GLUT4除了在数量上明显增加外,蛋白成簇能力和参与成簇的蛋白比例的明显下降,趋向于形成小簇或更加随机、弥散的分布模式;当细胞产生胰岛素抵抗后,细胞对胰岛素的敏感性降低,然而相对于正常细胞,胰岛素抵抗让细胞质膜表面的GLUT4呈现出更趋向于成簇或形成较大的簇的分布模式状态。此外,通过突变GLUT4蛋白N端F5QQI序列,破坏脂筏以及微丝等手段初步探究了细胞质膜上GLUT4分布模式的影响因素,发现F5QQI序列和脂筏都与质膜上GLUT4的分布模式密切相关。这是首次发现胰岛素抵抗会导致细胞膜上的GLUT4的分布模式变得更加聚集,这个发现使人们从一个全新的角度对胰岛素抵抗有了更深刻的认识,也为进一步研究肥胖或糖尿病发病机制提供了新的理论基础。

本研究已在线发表于“Journal of Cell Science”杂志。该研究得到了中科院百人计划(292013312D11004)、国家自然科学基金(81270919)及云南省基金(39Y33H521261)的支持。

原始出处:

Lan Gao, Junling Chen, Jing Gao,et al.Super-resolution microscopy reveals the reorganization of GLUT4 on plasma membrane regulated by insulin resistance.J Cell Sci 2016 : doi: 10.1242/jcs.192450

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    2018-03-21 baoya
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    2017-05-03 维他命
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【糖尿病继续不断上升】两项关于糖尿病的新研究提供了好消息,但总体来说,血糖仍然是公共卫生负担的重中之重。第一项研究研究了美国儿童1型和2型糖尿病的发病情况,发现了这一令人不安的趋势:从2002年到2012年,两种糖尿病的发病率都有所上升,特别是种族和少数民族。但在第二项研究中提出了一点希望:瑞典研究人员报告说:“两种类型的糖尿病患者心脏病和中风的发生率都有所下降”。美国糖尿病协会首席科学,医学和任