Science:解析CRISPR/Cas的分子机制

2014-08-08 koo 生物360

日前,来自美国蒙大拿州立大学,英国剑桥大学等机构的研究人员通过解析一种 CRISPR RNA导向监督复合物结构,揭示了 CRISPR 的组装分子机制,同时也为进一步了解靶标识别机制提供了新的信息。相关研究论文刊登在了近期出版的《科学》(Science)杂志上。CRISPR/Cas 是源于细菌及古细菌中的一种后天免疫系统,它可利用靶位点特异性的RNA指导 Cas 蛋白对靶位点序列进行修饰。自2013

日前,来自美国蒙大拿州立大学,英国剑桥大学等机构的研究人员通过解析一种 CRISPR RNA导向监督复合物结构,揭示了 CRISPR 的组装分子机制,同时也为进一步了解靶标识别机制提供了新的信息。相关研究论文刊登在了近期出版的《科学》(Science)杂志上。


CRISPR/Cas 是源于细菌及古细菌中的一种后天免疫系统,它可利用靶位点特异性的RNA指导 Cas 蛋白对靶位点序列进行修饰。自2013年以来, CRISPR/Cas 系统已经成功应用于人类、小鼠、斑马鱼、家蚕、果蝇、酵母、拟南芥及水稻等多个物种中。

论文资深作者、蒙大拿州立大学生物化学家 Blake Wiedenheft 曾表示:“我还没有发现在哪个领域内,有哪种技术能够像 CRISPR 技术这样发展得如此迅猛。”

确实目前这一研究领域获得了许多重要的成果,但是对于 CRISPR 这种本身用于对抗病毒和质粒的免疫系统成员来说,其基本的作用机制还尚不是十分清楚。

在大肠杆菌中,短小的 CRISPR-RNAs(crRNAs)能组装成一个分子量为 405 kD 的,多亚基监控复合物—— Cas cade ( CRISPR -associated complex for antiviral defense),为了进一步了解其作用机制,这项研究的研究人员对这一复合物进行了深入分析,获得了分辨率为3.24 Å的X射线晶体结构。
微生物染色体上的 CRISPR 位点由重复元件和间隔元件组成。每个重复和间隔元件包含30到60个核苷酸碱基对序列。40%的细菌和90%的太古菌基因组序列均存在 CRISPR 位点。一个细菌通常含有几个 CRISPR 位点,每个位点是由4到100个 CRISPR 重复-间隔单位组成。
最新发现的这一结构显示, Cas cade是由11个蛋白,和一个61核苷酸长的crRNA 组装而成,形成一个海马形的体系结构,从而能结合到双链DNA靶标(与crRNA导向序列互补)。crRNA的3’和5’端保守序列能通过复合物两端蛋白进行锚定,而导向序列则沿着一条由6个交织在一起的亚基组装而成的螺旋体结构出现。

这种 Cas cade的结构揭示了 CRISPR 的一种作用分子机制,同时也为进一步了解靶标识别机制提供了新的信息。

Wiedenheft 研究组此前还曾分析了 CRISPR 编码小RNA分子是如何生成的作用机制,他们指出细菌识别侵入的病毒或质粒,将外源DNA小片段插入它的 CRISPR 位点成为新的间隔序列。 CRISPR 单位被转录成crRNA前体。Csy4酶对crRNA前体每个重复元件进行切割生成长度为60个核苷酸的crRNAs,其中包含与外源DNA相匹配的序列。 Cas 蛋白利用crRNA结合这些匹配序列,沉默入侵的病毒或质粒。

这一模型解释了 CRISPR 特异性核糖核酸内切酶超家族序列和结构特异性作用机制。

原始出处:

Ryan N. Jackson, Sarah M. Golden, Paul B. G. van Erp, Joshua Carter, Edze R. Westra,Stan J. J. Brouns, John van der Oost, Thomas C. Terwilliger, Randy J. Read, and Blake Wiedenheft. Crystal structure of the CRISPR RNA–guided surveillance complex from Escherichia coli. Science, 7 August 2014; DOI:10.1126/science.1256328

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    2014-10-07 hongbochen
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    2014-11-30 shanganquan

    步伐跟不上

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    2014-08-10 yuandd
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    2014-08-10 jichang
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    2014-08-10 yaanren

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