盘点:近期肺动脉高压重要研究进展

2017-11-26 MedSci MedSci原创

肺动脉高压是一种严重危害人类生命健康的疾病,包括动脉性肺动脉高压、左心疾病相关肺动脉高压、肺部疾病或低氧相关肺动脉高压、慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压以及未明机制的肺动脉高压等五大类。其主要特征是肺血管阻力进行性升高,患者由于缺氧导致嘴唇呈现蓝紫色,故称“蓝嘴唇”。如不积极治疗,大部分患者可能会死于右心衰竭,因此该疾病也被称为“心血管系统的恶性肿瘤”。 这里梅斯小编盘点了近期关于肺动脉高压的新近研究

肺动脉高压是一种严重危害人类生命健康的疾病,包括动脉性肺动脉高压、左心疾病相关肺动脉高压、肺部疾病或低氧相关肺动脉高压、慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压以及未明机制的肺动脉高压等五大类。其主要特征是肺血管阻力进行性升高,患者由于缺氧导致嘴唇呈现蓝紫色,故称“蓝嘴唇”。如不积极治疗,大部分患者可能会死于右心衰竭,因此该疾病也被称为“心血管系统的恶性肿瘤”。 这里梅斯小编盘点了近期关于肺动脉高压的新近研究与大家分享。

【1】利用雌激素抑制剂治疗肺动脉高压

女性性别因素是多种肺动脉高压(PAH)最强烈的流行病学风险因素。雌性激素的增加会使女性患上PAH的几率增加三倍,最终导致右心衰竭和死亡。受体BMPR2的突变导致一种可遗传的PAH, BMPR2突变小鼠自发地形成这种疾病。雌激素增加了外显率(产生PAH的小鼠的百分比)和疾病的严重程度。研究人员使用雌激素抑制剂anastrozole、fulvestrant和tamoxifen治疗BMPR2突变小鼠。结果发现,雌激素抑制对BMPR2突变的PAH小鼠具有预防和治疗作用,与氧化脂质形成和胰岛素抵抗代谢缺陷的减少有关。虽然fulvestrant和anastrozole比tamoxifen更有效,但tamoxifen可能对绝经前女性更有用,因为它降低了更年期诱导的风险。

【2】特发性肺动脉高压患者右心房功能与预后分析

近日,心血管领域权威杂志International Journal of Cardiology上发表了一篇研究文章,研究人员旨在明确右心房(RA)功能对特发性肺动脉高压(PAH)患者预后具有预测价值。总体而言,104名(70名女性,平均年龄为58±13岁)特发性PAH患者在右心导管插入术前接受了标准的多普勒超声心动图和应变率(SR)分析。结果表明,RA功能在特发性PAH中具有预后价值,通过应变和SR分析得到的较差RA功能与更坏的结局相关。

【3】结节病相关性肺动脉高压的治疗及远期疗效

目前关于结节病相关肺动脉高压(S-APH)患者采用肺动脉高压(PAH)靶向治疗现代策略疗效的研究十分有限。近日,Eur Respir J上发表了一篇研究析文章,研究人员从法国的肺动脉高压登记中心2004年至2015年间收集的新诊断患者的严重S-APH患者的临床和血流动力学数据。研究人员对来自于126例严重S-APH患者,97名患者(77%)接受了PAH靶向治疗,33名患者在肺动脉高压诊断时开始或增加了免疫抑制治疗。结果表明,PAH靶向治疗可以改善重症S-APH患者的短期肺血流动力学,但不会引起运动能力的变化。免疫抑制治疗可以改善进行选择的患者的血流动力学。结节病患者的肺动脉高压仍与预后不良有关。

【4】波强度分析为肺动脉高压和慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压提供了新视角


与全身性高血压相反,动脉波在肺动脉高压(PH)中的临床意义还不是很清楚。近日,JAHA上发表了一篇研究文章,研究人员推测动脉波能量和波反射在PH患者中有所增强,并且原发性肺动脉高压(PAH)和慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压(CTEPH)患者的波形表现有所差异。研究人员采用压力和多普勒血流探头导管进行右心导管插入术来得到肺动脉压力,并且同时测量肺动脉流速,对所获得的数据进行波强度分析。该研究共纳入了10名对照者,11名PAH患者和10名CTEPH患者。结果表明,PH患者的肺动脉内波反射增强与疾病严重程度无关,提示血管阻抗不匹配发生在肺血管病的早期。相比于CTEPH患者,PAH患者较低的波功率分数表明这两种疾病之间的内在或外在心室负荷存在差异。

【5】球囊肺血管成形术治疗慢性栓塞性肺动脉高压的疗效和安全性


虽然球囊肺血管成形术(BPA)改善了无法手术的慢性栓塞性肺动脉高压(CTEPH)的血液动力学和短期预后,BPA的长期影响和手术相关并发症仍有待进一步阐明。研究人员从2009年7月至2016年10月,共对84例不能手术的连续CTEPH患者进行了424次BPA。如果需要,使用3D重建计算机断层扫描来确定肺动脉的目标病变和光学计算机断层扫描以选择球囊尺寸。结果表明BPA改善了不能手术CTEPH患者的血液动力学和运动能力,并发症发生率在可接受范围,BPA改善血液动力学的作用持续多年,长期预后良好。

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    2017-11-28 1e1ca1f2m30(暂无匿称)

    学习分享

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    2017-11-27 1e127dd4m40(暂无匿称)

    学习了

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1925198, encodeId=3d131925198d5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=26d633354c9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#动脉高压#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=33354, encryptionId=26d633354c9, topicName=动脉高压)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=44a360, createdName=jklm09, createdTime=Sat Oct 13 18:46:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1380903, encodeId=11841380903ed, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9281e34519b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研究进展#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73451, encryptionId=9281e34519b, topicName=研究进展)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f13d475, createdName=mashirong, createdTime=Tue Nov 28 09:46:00 CST 2017, time=2017-11-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=264913, encodeId=f5ea2649137d, content=学习分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/02/25/e62719789e78b63a34743a7946a5c12d.jpg, createdBy=83922001285, createdName=1e1ca1f2m30(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Nov 28 04:28:54 CST 2017, time=2017-11-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=264764, encodeId=d65d264e6402, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo4cyIbibqa2VuNGCKeyRxITYNqLTIaoFo3Jx2LSawp8yrFSs1CIXKv1jyXV97ecnxhhktGKkPP9onfJFZCbiayLgic/0, createdBy=3f1c1956638, createdName=1e127dd4m40(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Nov 27 13:12:57 CST 2017, time=2017-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=264607, encodeId=10d426460e60, content=学习了很有用不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib3IzoRn621JdKCFUI4XvNELcibocrAVU6aUzEVDSaf3rYH08PUYUiagGqxAEhj8g9WqqNvD1CupIpCrmnR2OrqHZh/0, createdBy=7f181365728, createdName=飛歌, createdTime=Mon Nov 27 00:13:25 CST 2017, time=2017-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-11-27 飛歌

    学习了很有用不错

    0