Nat Med:“1/3癌症患者是被吓死的”,精神压力大竟然导致癌症治疗失败?

2019-10-09 美中嘉和 健康号

癌症是一种高度异质性的疾病。由于恶性肿瘤细胞以及肿瘤微环境的独特性,不同癌症患者的疾病状态并不相同。可以说,“***千面”是癌症难以治疗的重要原因之一。人们付出了大量的时间与精力,致力于发现内在固有的本质,实现癌症治愈。

癌症是一种高度异质性的疾病。由于恶性肿瘤细胞以及肿瘤微环境的独特性,不同癌症患者的疾病状态并不相同。可以说,“***千面”是癌症难以治疗的重要原因之一。人们付出了大量的时间与精力,致力于发现内在固有的本质,实现癌症治愈。

免疫治疗出现之前,癌症治疗方式包括手术、化疗、放疗以及靶向治疗。它们或通过减少恶性肿瘤细胞的增殖来抑制细胞生长,或通过细胞毒性来激活细胞死亡程序,目标只有一个,那就是彻底消除癌细胞。

那么,到底哪些因素会影响到这些规范的癌症治疗方式的效果?除了我们熟知的,又有哪些是意想不到的?

不同的肿瘤类型以及分型,对于治疗方式的敏感程度不同,治疗预后也不同。

用来评估患者自身状况的KPS评分和ECOG评分,与癌症患者的预后具有相关性,影响着治疗方案的确定。

慢性情绪压力会抑制免疫系统的活动,从而促进癌症进展。

焦虑、抑制等精神压力还可以导致压力激素以及神经递质的分泌紊乱,从而影响到抗肿瘤免疫应答,最终导致化疗和免疫治疗的效果变差。

如果出现了慢性情绪压力,可以寻求专业医生的帮助。

不同的肿瘤类型以及分型,对于治疗方式的敏感程度不同,治疗预后也不同。

例如,甲状腺癌是一种侵袭程度相对温和的癌症,而胰腺癌的侵袭程度却非常高。

即使是相同的癌症类型,分型的不同也会影响治疗预后。与非小细胞肺癌相比,小细胞肺癌的恶性程度更高,更容易出现转移。

自身的身体状况以及既往疾病史,在癌症治疗前,医生会首先评估患者自身的身体状况。

常见的评价标准有KPS评分和ECOG评分,这与癌症患者的预后具有相关性,也是医生在制定治疗方案时必须考虑的因素。

KPS评分越高,代表着健康状况越好,也就越能忍受癌症治疗给身体带来的副作用。一般认为KPS评分大于80分的患者,术后状态较好,生存期较长。

ECOG评分制定了一个相对简化的活动状态评分表。ECOG评分将患者的活动状态分为0~5共6级。一般认为活动状况为3或4级的患者不适宜进行化疗。

如果患者的身体状况不佳,可能会因为无法耐受毒副作用而放弃相应的治疗。

如果患者存在其他的慢性疾病,也可能会对治疗方案的选择产生影响。

过大的精神压力

在人们的印象中,不良的情绪会导致癌症病情的恶化。

一些慢性情绪压力会抑制免疫系统的活动,从而影响癌症进展。

同时,慢性情绪压力还可以引起多种应激激素的变化,如儿茶酚胺、糖皮质激素和其他应激激素,促进肿瘤细胞生长,迁移以及侵袭能力。

并且,慢性情绪压力会通过诱导促血管生成细胞因子的产生来刺激血管生成,为肿瘤的发生、生长和进展创造环境。

但是,谁又能想到,过大的精神压力还会影响到癌症治疗的效果。

发表在《Nature Medicine》上的一项最新研究显示,精神压力可以导致压力激素以及神经递质的分泌紊乱,从而影响到抗肿瘤免疫应答,最终导致化疗和免疫治疗的效果变差。

研究人员通过重复社交挫折模型(SD)使小鼠产生精神应激,出现长期焦虑和抑郁的状态。

在致癌物诱导的非小细胞肺癌直肠癌小鼠模型中,研究人员发现,与对照组相比,焦虑和抑郁的状态可以使肿瘤数量增加,阻碍化疗和免疫治疗的效果。

写在最后

人们常说,保持愉悦心情。这是有一定的科学道理的。

对于癌症患者而言,焦虑、抑郁、沮丧等,都是可以理解的慢性情绪压力。如果出现了这些慢性情绪压力,可以寻求专业医生的帮助。

让自己开心和快乐起来,也许是对癌症治疗最好的帮助。

原始出处
Yang H1,2, Xia L1,2, Chen J3, et al.Stress-glucocorticoid-TSC22D3 axis compromises therapy-induced antitumor immunity.Nat Med. 2019 Sep;25(9):1428-1441. doi: 10.1038/s41591-019-0566-4. Epub 2019 Sep 9.

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    2020-07-18 liye789132251
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    2019-10-11 jambiya
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