PNAS:缺氧也能治病?逆转神经退行性疾病造成的脑损伤!

2017-05-11 漱石 生物探索

当细胞的线粒体不能正常工作时,人体会发生线粒体疾病。一项新研究表明,缺氧可能对线粒体功能不全造成的脑损伤有一定的保护作用,这一研究发表在近日的PNAS。线粒体是细胞内的“发电厂”。人类多种疾病,如神经退行性疾病、糖尿病、肿瘤等都与线粒体功能障碍有关。Leigh氏综合征就是一种与线粒体缺陷有关的神经退行性疾病。该病以脑损伤,运动技能和肌张力的逐渐丧失,发育迟缓为特征。并发症可导致心脏,呼吸和肾脏功能

当细胞的线粒体不能正常工作时,人体会发生线粒体疾病。一项新研究表明,缺氧可能对线粒体功能不全造成的脑损伤有一定的保护作用,这一研究发表在近日的PNAS。

线粒体是细胞内的“发电厂”。人类多种疾病,如神经退行性疾病、糖尿病、肿瘤等都与线粒体功能障碍有关。Leigh氏综合征就是一种与线粒体缺陷有关的神经退行性疾病。该病以脑损伤,运动技能和肌张力的逐渐丧失,发育迟缓为特征。并发症可导致心脏,呼吸和肾脏功能损伤。疾病症状在出生后第一年出现,并在两到三年内导致死亡。Leigh氏综合征罕见,每30,000名新生儿中约有1名会患有此病。

一般情况下,Leigh氏综合症不能治愈。然而,一项在小鼠中进行新研究表明,缺氧可能在这种线粒体疾病种对大脑具有保护作用。该研究由波士顿马萨诸塞州总医院(MGH)的研究人员进行,研究结果发表在PNAS杂志上。

缺氧在线粒体疾病中的治疗作用

这项新研究建立在该研究小组此前的工作之上。在他们2016年发表在Science上的研究中,研究人员将Leigh氏综合征的小鼠模型——Ndufs4基因敲除小鼠放置在只有11%浓度(大约相当于海平面上氧浓度的一半)的氧气环境中。Ndufs4基因编码的蛋白质是组成线粒体氧化呼吸链中的复合物Ⅰ的关键。

研究人员发现缺氧环境显着降低了Leigh氏综合征的典型症状,延长了啮齿动物的生存期。相比之下,在高于正常浓度的氧气环境中,Leigh氏综合征模型动物会更早死亡,但对正常健康动物没有影响。

在新研究中,研究小组希望能进一步理解不同氧浓度对小鼠模型影响,并观察更多的实用缺氧方案是否可以重复以前研究的结果。

持续缺氧逆转小鼠Leigh综合征

新研究显示,随着时间的推移,脑损伤的程度随着氧气的水平发生变化。总体而言,用缺氧治疗的小鼠平均生活了270天,而生活在21%氧气环境中的小鼠平均存活了58天。成像研究表明,在11%氧气的环境中,Ndufs4敲除小鼠在250天龄时没有脑损伤。相比之下,在吸入21%氧气的小鼠中,脑损伤早在60天就开始出现。此外,吸入55%氧气的小鼠很快就死于肺水肿,并且大脑嗅球发生损伤。

令人惊讶的结果是,缺氧治疗似乎也能扭转已经存在的损伤。小鼠脑损伤在它们转入到低氧环境停留一个月后就消失了。该研究小组还试图将已经安置在11%氧气环境中存在脑损伤的小鼠转移到21%氧气环境中,但这导致了疾病发展和最终死亡。这意味着低氧治疗需要持续进行。

尽管缺氧疗法能够预防Ndufs4敲除小鼠的脑损伤,但并不能阻止心脏功能不全(大约在150天大时出现症状)。一些Leigh氏综合征患者会出现某些心肌症,并且,研究人员表示,另一些只在心脏敲除Ndufs4的模型小鼠会发展成类似的心脏病,这表明缺氧治疗可能对该症状没有影响。

研究人员在寻找更实用的缺氧治疗

虽然缺氧疗法在小鼠中获得了成功,但研究人员还指出,这种治疗方法有些不切实际。作者认为,11%的氧气含量与极高海拔的氧含量相似,这种氧气水平的持续治疗肯定不会让患者舒服。

未来,Mootha和团队希望了解缺氧益处背后的分子机制,以便他们能够提出更实际的治疗方法,保护大脑并逆转脑损伤。“我们还在努力尝试和确定其他可能有效的更实用的缺氧方案。”Mootha说,“我们希望能够为患者及其家属提供治疗,不仅能阻止疾病发展,更能治愈疾病,但是我们现在只在动物模型中看到了效果。 虽然还没有在人类中验证,但是我们已经准备好了。”

原始出处:

Ferrari M, Jain IH, et al. Hypoxia treatment reverses neurodegenerative disease in a mouse model of Leigh syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 May 8.

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    2017-12-27 drwjr
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    2017-05-12 184****9840

    这是另外一个饿死癌细胞疗法吗?

    0

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    2017-05-11 有备才能无患

    反其道治疗方案

    0

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