结膜囊肿和皮样脂肪瘤切除术

2016-03-06 MedSci MedSci原创

结膜囊肿和皮样脂肪瘤切除术

  [适应证]

  各种结膜良性肿物,主要包括结膜囊肿、皮样瘤和皮样脂肪瘤。

  [术前准备与麻醉]

  1.术前冲洗结膜囊。

  2.根据肿物的位置和大小,作局部结膜下浸润麻醉和结膜表面麻醉。

  3.不能合作的儿童应作全身麻醉。

  [手术步骤]

  1.用镊子将囊肿或皮样脂肪瘤边缘的结膜提起作结膜切口(图1)。

图1 图2

  2.分离囊肿或脂肪瘤表面的结膜,充分暴露肿物后将其剪除(图2)。

  3.连续或间断缝合结膜(图3)。

图3

  [术中注意事项与并发症的处理]

  1.在分离肿物时,应尽量减轻对正常组织的损伤。

  2.在切除囊肿时,切口应选在囊肿根部的球结膜面。在分离时应小心仔细,切勿将囊肿分穿,以免内容物流出后组织难于辩认,切除不彻底。

  3.皮样脂肪瘤多发生在颞侧,其深层与眶脂肪有连接。切口可选在眦部睑裂暴露部位的球结膜面沿肿物边缘作切口。剥离后将肿物切除。切除的范围以暴露于睑裂部分为宜,不要向眶内深层脂肪分离,以免损伤眼肌或深层脂肪组织。

  4.作外上方面肿物切除时,切口应避开位于穹隆部的泪腺排出管。

  5.肿物切除后缝合结膜切口时,可用邻近结膜移位修复或作带蒂结膜瓣转位加以修复。

  6.一旦发生囊肿破裂,可将切口适当扩大,仔细寻找囊壁,将所有残留囊壁尽量切除干净。

  7.对切下的肿物应送病理检查。

  [术后处理]

  1.术后应用绷带包扎有利于结膜面的平整修复。

  2.术后每天换药。术后5天拆除结膜缝线。

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