原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤1例分析

2018-09-30 李玉龙 狄广福 江国权 中国临床神经外科杂志

病人,男,53岁。因头痛伴记忆力减退1个月、加重3d人院。人院时体格检查:神志清楚,言语流利,右侧肢体肌力1~IV级,肌张力正常。头部MRI平扫示:左侧额、颞叶见一不规则形肿块影,大小约6.5 cm×5.0 cm×4.3 cm;T1呈等或低信号(图1A)

1.病例资料
 
病人,男,53岁。因头痛伴记忆力减退1个月、加重3d人院。人院时体格检查:神志清楚,言语流利,右侧肢体肌力1~IV级,肌张力正常。头部MRI平扫示:左侧额、颞叶见一不规则形肿块影,大小约6.5 cm×5.0 cm×4.3 cm;T1呈等或低信号(图1A),T2不均匀高信号(图1B),边缘不清;增强后呈不均匀强化(图1C),左侧侧脑室明显受压,中线右移,脑室系统未见明显扩大。全麻下行肿瘤切除术,术中观察肿瘤质软,红色,血供丰富,与周围组织粘连,边界不清。术后病理诊断为弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(图1D)。
 

2.讨论
 
原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤占原发性颅内肿瘤的3%~5%,最常见的是B细胞型非霍奇金淋巴瘤。主要临床表现为:①局灶性神经功能缺损,以颅神经功能障碍较多见;②癫痫发作;③精神状态改变;④颅内压升高。
 
影像学特点包括:①病变位于大脑中线附近,深部脑组织,如胼胝体、丘脑、基底节等部位;②CT可表现为低密度、等高密度、稍高密度甚至混杂密度影,明显强化;MRI平扫T1呈等低信号,T2呈等高信号,增强扫描呈团块状、不规则明显强化;部分病例见“脐凹征”;瘤体囊变、钙化、出血少见;瘤周水肿较轻。
 
目前,其治疗方法较多。①手术治疗:由于淋巴瘤在中枢神经系统的侵犯常常呈多灶性、弥散性,常累积脑脊髓膜,容易复发,手术根治很困难,可行手术缓解颅内压增高,并可取得病理为术后进一步的放化疗创造条件。②化疗:目前原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤没有非常明确的分子生物学治疗靶点,普通化疗药不能通过血脑屏障,极大影响治疗效果,但含大剂量甲氨蝶呤的方案基本达到共识,也是美国国立综合癌症网络指南的一线用药。③糖皮质激素:抗水肿作用和针对淋巴细胞的细胞毒作用可以迅速使肿瘤病灶缩小或消失,可用于治疗原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤,但是长期应用激素会导致免疫力低下,及诸如感染等并发症。此外部分病人应用糖皮质激素,肿瘤缩小,以致在影像学上肿瘤出现“消失”,这给组织病理学诊断取材带来困难,影响治疗。④放疗:中枢神经系统淋巴瘤是一类对放疗敏感的肿瘤。目前放疗主要用于那些不能耐受化疗的老年、体弱或化疗效果不好的病人。⑤自体干细胞移植:化疗结合自体干细胞移植可以克服肿瘤细胞耐药,提高药物生物利用度,减少放化疗造成的神经毒性。

原始出处:

李玉龙, 狄广福, 江国权,等. 原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤1例[J]. 中国临床神经外科杂志, 2017(4):288-288.

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76岁男性,因 “进行性四肢麻木无力2周”入院。患者家属代诉其睡眠明显增多,睡眠时难以唤醒,在外院按 “周围神经病变”治疗无好转。经入院检查最终诊断为:1.原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进并多发性周围神经病;2.泌尿系结石。该患者外院漏诊的主要原因是什么?

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患者男性,75岁。因“右下腹痛伴乏力、纳差,消瘦1月余”入院。

Brit J Haematol:原发性纵隔B细胞淋巴瘤前线管理,R-CHOP vs DA-R-EPOCH

2018年2月,美国学者在《Br J Haematol》发表一项多中心分析,比较了R-CHOP和剂量调整的R-EPOCH在原发性纵隔B细胞淋巴瘤前线管理中的结局。

2018 CSCO:秦叔逵教授为你解读《CSCO原发性肝癌诊疗指南》

在2018年9月21日CSCO大会的肝癌专场上,受《CSCO原发性肝癌诊疗指南》(以下简称《指南》)专家组的委托,秦叔逵教授从指南制定的背景,指南的基本原则和指南关键内容点评三个方面对最新出炉的指南做了精彩的解读。未来的《指南》将“更新、更快、更细”,同时更加注重实用性,将成为肿瘤临床医生的肝癌治疗的参考书。下面跟随小编一起来领略一下这份行业重磅的参考书吧!《CSCO原发性肝癌诊疗指南》制定的