Nat Commun:节食或通过影响肠道菌群促进健康

2013-07-26 黄辛 中国科学报

日前,上海交通大学赵立平团队与中科院上海生命科学研究院营养科学研究所刘勇团队、国家人类基因组南方中心赵国屏团队合作,发现热量限制能促进肠道益菌的生长,从而令小鼠增加寿命。该研究表明,节食或许通过造成一个更健康的菌群来促进宿主健康,相关研究论文发表在《自然—通讯》上。 通过减少食物摄入量,从而限制热量摄入在很多动物模型中被证明能够有效延缓衰老和延长寿命。虽然很难在人群中开展全生命周期的节食实验,但

日前,上海交通大学赵立平团队与中科院上海生命科学研究院营养科学研究所刘勇团队、国家人类基因组南方中心赵国屏团队合作,发现热量限制能促进肠道益菌的生长,从而令小鼠增加寿命。该研究表明,节食或许通过造成一个更健康的菌群来促进宿主健康,相关研究论文发表在《自然—通讯》上。

通过减少食物摄入量,从而限制热量摄入在很多动物模型中被证明能够有效延缓衰老和延长寿命。虽然很难在人群中开展全生命周期的节食实验,但以人为对象的短期实验同样证明,不造成营养不良的节食干预对健康有益。关于节食的作用机理,科学家已经进行了大量研究,提出了各种假说、找出了一些相关的基因及调控通路,但是仍然还有许多未知环节需要继续深入研究。

“有些特定的细菌种类,例如乳酸杆菌属的细菌与寿命呈正相关,可以被节食显著富集起来,而节食减少了与寿命呈负相关的细菌的数量。”赵立平说,在菌群发生这些变化的同时,血液中的内毒素结合蛋白——一种炎症的指标也显著下降,表明节食的健康效应之一可能是减少了来自肠道菌群的抗原引起的炎症。

“运动对肠道菌群的影响则并不显著。”运动只在高脂饲料背景下有延长寿命的作用,而在低脂饲料动物中没有显著影响。这些结果说明,高脂饮食引起的肥胖及相关的代谢性疾病与衰老和寿命缩短有很大关系,而节食对于肠道菌群的调节能够改善代谢指标,这是节食延长寿命的作用途径之一。

大量研究表明,被不当饮食破坏的肠道菌群在肥胖及相关代谢性疾病(如糖尿病、非酒精性脂肪肝和心血管病等)的发生发展中有着不可替代的作用。因此节食作为一种膳食干预手段,肠道菌群很可能是作用靶点之一,而节食对肠道菌群的影响则可能与宿主健康及寿命有关。

原始出处:

Zhang C, Li S, Yang L, Huang P, Li W, Wang S, Zhao G, Zhang M, Pang X, Yan Z, Liu Y, Zhao L.Structural modulation of gut microbiota in life-long calorie-restricted mice.Nat Commun. 2013 Jul 16;4:2163.

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    2014-06-22 liye789132251
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    2014-01-11 liuli5079
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    2013-07-28 lsndxfj