Science:肿瘤细菌介导抗癌药物耐药性

2017-09-21 徐徐 科学网

多亏了一项偶然的发现,研究人员找到了为何化疗药物有时不起作用的其中一个原因。事实证明,癌细胞内的细菌会摧毁一些药物,使其变得无效。相关成果日前发表于《科学》杂志。此项发现或许可解释为何药物“吉西他滨”在治疗胰腺癌患者时极少能成功。在113名胰腺癌患者中,有3/4的活体组织检查发现了摧毁“吉西他滨”的细菌。作出上述发现的团队表示,该药物还被用于治疗结肠癌和膀胱癌,因此同样的效应可能在患有这些癌症的病

多亏了一项偶然的发现,研究人员找到了为何化疗药物有时不起作用的其中一个原因。事实证明,癌细胞内的细菌会摧毁一些药物,使其变得无效。相关成果日前发表于《科学》杂志。

此项发现或许可解释为何药物“吉西他滨”在治疗胰腺癌患者时极少能成功。在113名胰腺癌患者中,有3/4的活体组织检查发现了摧毁“吉西他滨”的细菌。作出上述发现的团队表示,该药物还被用于治疗结肠癌和膀胱癌,因此同样的效应可能在患有这些癌症的病人中也发挥了一定作用。

来自以色列魏茨曼科学研究所的Ravid Straussman及其团队探究了为何健康细胞会变成癌细胞的“共犯”,从而通过某种方式帮助它们抵抗药物。他们无法解释为何一组特定的皮肤细胞会阻止“吉西他滨”杀死附近的癌细胞。

虽然Straussman和同事Leore Geller注意到皮肤细胞被支原体细菌感染,但起初认为它只是一种污染物。“我几乎放弃了这个项目。”Straussman表示。事实上,研究表明,这种细菌能摧毁“吉西他滨”。“我们发现,这种细菌会将药物吸收然后将其降解,从而使药物失去活性。”Straussman介绍说,它通过产生胞苷脱氨酶做到了这一点。

在分析了113个胰腺癌组织的样本后,研究人员发现,有86个感染了能制造胞苷脱氨酶的细菌类型,其中包括大肠杆菌、沙氏门菌等很常见的细菌。

在随后接受测试的2674个细菌种类中(一些已知生活在人体内),有11%的细菌能产生胞苷脱氨酶;近一半无法产生这种酶;其他的细菌会制造无法降解药物的其他形式的酶。此项发现同其他实验室获得的细菌感染会阻碍化疗的结果相一致。在随后的试验中,Straussman证实,抗生素能阻止细菌摧毁“吉西他滨”。

原文出处:
Leore T. Geller1, Michal Barzily-Rokni, Tal Danino,et al., Potential role of intratumor bacteria in mediating tumor resistance to the chemotherapeutic drug gemcitabine, Science, 357(6356),1156-1160.

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    2017-09-23 jichang