Nature:创新药物开发新篇章

2016-05-17 佚名 生物谷

对合作和竞争能够共存的认识日益增加正在改变生命科学创新前景。药物开发曾经一直处于保密之中,但是如今,药物开发机构正在开展合作。旧有的线性开发路线(Straight paths of old)历史上,生命科学合伙模式在性质上是线性的和封闭的。药物的构想、开发和给药都是单独处理的---涉及一个合作伙伴的结束是另一个合作伙伴的开始。这种安排有它的优势。随着药物开发走向下游时,风险和报酬也随之增加。但是缺

对合作和竞争能够共存的认识日益增加正在改变生命科学创新前景。药物开发曾经一直处于保密之中,但是如今,药物开发机构正在开展合作。


旧有的线性开发路线(Straight paths of old)
历史上,生命科学合伙模式在性质上是线性的和封闭的。药物的构想、开发和给药都是单独处理的---涉及一个合作伙伴的结束是另一个合作伙伴的开始。

这种安排有它的优势。随着药物开发走向下游时,风险和报酬也随之增加。但是缺乏与更为广泛的利益群体之间的沟通可能经常导致昂贵的重复努力。

摩尔问题(Moore problems)
自从1950年以来,花费在研发上的每10亿美元所对应的被美国食品药品管理局(FDA)批准的药物数量大约每隔9年下降一半,这一现象被称作Eroom定律(Eroom’s law),它似乎与摩尔定律(Moore’s law)---由英特尔公司创始人之一戈登•摩尔提出,其内容为:当价格不变时,集成电路上可容纳的元器件的数目,约每隔18~24个月便会增加一倍,性能也将提升一倍---相反。为了对抗这种Eroom定律(编者注:Eroom是Moore单词反着拼写,代表与摩尔定律相反的定律),药物开发机构被迫寻找方法提高投资回报。

遭受压缩的利润空间(Squeezed margins)
不断增加的研发成本和来自不再受专利保护的药物的竞争已压缩了常规线性创新模式的利润空间。

不断增加的信息(Increasing information)
随着研究人员更好地理解目标疾病的生物复杂性、药物发现的技术复杂性和数据集规模在增加,药物开发机构正变得更加依赖外面的专业技能。

未被满足的需求(Unmet needs)
常规的封闭创新模式对一些医学需求是不合适的,比如开发抗疟疾药物或埃博拉疫苗。蓬勃发展的运动(A growing movement)作为对封闭创新模式存在的局限作出的反应,越来越多的药物开发机构在过去二十年里开展合作,彼此之间分享观点、数据和工具,而且经常与更为广泛的利益群体之间进行分享。

开放的诠释(Open to interpretation)
根据谷歌公司的书籍词频统计器(Ngram Viewer)---它提供发布的某些单词和词组的相对出现频率,2003年,词组“开放式创新(open innovation)”在英文中声名大振。那一年,商务专员Henry Chesbrough(如今在加州大学伯克利分校任职)使用这个词组来描述公司应当采用外部的想法和内部的想法以便加强它们的技术发展。但是开放式创新只是寻求描述一个更加广泛的创新系统中不同的但存在重叠的开放主题的术语之一。

开放资源(Open source)
首次提倡于软件开发行业,开源项目让开放式合作的成果免费给任何人使用,并且并不给合作者带来多少或直接的利润。

开放数据(Open data)
位于英国伦敦的开放数据研究所将开放数据描述为任何人都能够访问、使用和分享的数据。

开放存取(Open acces)
开放存取显著地改变常规的出版模式。文献是数字化的、在线的和免费使用的,而且通常以某种形式免费复制。

开放科学(Open science)
开放科学是其他人能够作出贡献的科学实践。实验室笔记是可以免费获得的,而且开展的研究和它所采用的方法也能够分享。

开放程度(Degrees of openness)
评价一种合作是否适合作为开放式创新的例子具有主观性,但是由位于英国伦敦的惠康基金会(Wellcome Trust)制定的评定标准能够被用来对合作类型进行分类。人们普遍认为理想的开放计划应是在创新性开发的所有阶段中大众参与的广泛合作,从而产生所有人都免费使用的成果。

原始出处:

David Holmes.A new chapter in innovation.Nature 201612 May 533,S54–S55.

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (5)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1923583, encodeId=5c541923583f9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f9f25864447' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新药物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58644, encryptionId=f9f25864447, topicName=新药物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTIuNQXObUwZmFG3VcZa2uhFq27sY7vfTowUhQCgRj2bj1odUibMF4sFXpuRLf6IE5t5yGVDSiaOoOcQ/132, createdBy=1e622500088, createdName=ms1065684921169360, createdTime=Sun Jan 22 14:57:00 CST 2017, time=2017-01-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2058559, encodeId=fa7e20585597e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=92e05858970' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新篇章#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58589, encryptionId=92e05858970, topicName=新篇章)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1ce4238, createdName=dangious, createdTime=Thu Oct 13 12:57:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1881047, encodeId=f3f9188104ee6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=智慧医人, createdTime=Sun Feb 05 00:57:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1285257, encodeId=4c71128525eb3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=77903209422' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#创新#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=32094, encryptionId=77903209422, topicName=创新)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=512a199, createdName=lilianxiang, createdTime=Wed May 18 23:57:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1442554, encodeId=b7ff144255456, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7aa28e73211' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#药物开发#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=87732, encryptionId=7aa28e73211, topicName=药物开发)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=92874938033, createdName=ms1774076774505970, createdTime=Wed May 18 23:57:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1923583, encodeId=5c541923583f9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f9f25864447' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新药物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58644, encryptionId=f9f25864447, topicName=新药物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTIuNQXObUwZmFG3VcZa2uhFq27sY7vfTowUhQCgRj2bj1odUibMF4sFXpuRLf6IE5t5yGVDSiaOoOcQ/132, createdBy=1e622500088, createdName=ms1065684921169360, createdTime=Sun Jan 22 14:57:00 CST 2017, time=2017-01-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2058559, encodeId=fa7e20585597e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=92e05858970' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新篇章#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58589, encryptionId=92e05858970, topicName=新篇章)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1ce4238, createdName=dangious, createdTime=Thu Oct 13 12:57:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1881047, encodeId=f3f9188104ee6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=智慧医人, createdTime=Sun Feb 05 00:57:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1285257, encodeId=4c71128525eb3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=77903209422' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#创新#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=32094, encryptionId=77903209422, topicName=创新)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=512a199, createdName=lilianxiang, createdTime=Wed May 18 23:57:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1442554, encodeId=b7ff144255456, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7aa28e73211' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#药物开发#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=87732, encryptionId=7aa28e73211, topicName=药物开发)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=92874938033, createdName=ms1774076774505970, createdTime=Wed May 18 23:57:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1923583, encodeId=5c541923583f9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f9f25864447' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新药物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58644, encryptionId=f9f25864447, topicName=新药物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTIuNQXObUwZmFG3VcZa2uhFq27sY7vfTowUhQCgRj2bj1odUibMF4sFXpuRLf6IE5t5yGVDSiaOoOcQ/132, createdBy=1e622500088, createdName=ms1065684921169360, createdTime=Sun Jan 22 14:57:00 CST 2017, time=2017-01-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2058559, encodeId=fa7e20585597e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=92e05858970' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新篇章#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58589, encryptionId=92e05858970, topicName=新篇章)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1ce4238, createdName=dangious, createdTime=Thu Oct 13 12:57:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1881047, encodeId=f3f9188104ee6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=智慧医人, createdTime=Sun Feb 05 00:57:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1285257, encodeId=4c71128525eb3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=77903209422' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#创新#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=32094, encryptionId=77903209422, topicName=创新)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=512a199, createdName=lilianxiang, createdTime=Wed May 18 23:57:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1442554, encodeId=b7ff144255456, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7aa28e73211' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#药物开发#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=87732, encryptionId=7aa28e73211, topicName=药物开发)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=92874938033, createdName=ms1774076774505970, createdTime=Wed May 18 23:57:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-02-05 智慧医人
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1923583, encodeId=5c541923583f9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f9f25864447' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新药物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58644, encryptionId=f9f25864447, topicName=新药物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTIuNQXObUwZmFG3VcZa2uhFq27sY7vfTowUhQCgRj2bj1odUibMF4sFXpuRLf6IE5t5yGVDSiaOoOcQ/132, createdBy=1e622500088, createdName=ms1065684921169360, createdTime=Sun Jan 22 14:57:00 CST 2017, time=2017-01-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2058559, encodeId=fa7e20585597e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=92e05858970' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新篇章#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58589, encryptionId=92e05858970, topicName=新篇章)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1ce4238, createdName=dangious, createdTime=Thu Oct 13 12:57:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1881047, encodeId=f3f9188104ee6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=智慧医人, createdTime=Sun Feb 05 00:57:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1285257, encodeId=4c71128525eb3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=77903209422' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#创新#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=32094, encryptionId=77903209422, topicName=创新)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=512a199, createdName=lilianxiang, createdTime=Wed May 18 23:57:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1442554, encodeId=b7ff144255456, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7aa28e73211' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#药物开发#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=87732, encryptionId=7aa28e73211, topicName=药物开发)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=92874938033, createdName=ms1774076774505970, createdTime=Wed May 18 23:57:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1923583, encodeId=5c541923583f9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f9f25864447' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新药物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58644, encryptionId=f9f25864447, topicName=新药物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTIuNQXObUwZmFG3VcZa2uhFq27sY7vfTowUhQCgRj2bj1odUibMF4sFXpuRLf6IE5t5yGVDSiaOoOcQ/132, createdBy=1e622500088, createdName=ms1065684921169360, createdTime=Sun Jan 22 14:57:00 CST 2017, time=2017-01-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2058559, encodeId=fa7e20585597e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=92e05858970' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新篇章#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58589, encryptionId=92e05858970, topicName=新篇章)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1ce4238, createdName=dangious, createdTime=Thu Oct 13 12:57:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1881047, encodeId=f3f9188104ee6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=智慧医人, createdTime=Sun Feb 05 00:57:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1285257, encodeId=4c71128525eb3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=77903209422' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#创新#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=32094, encryptionId=77903209422, topicName=创新)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=512a199, createdName=lilianxiang, createdTime=Wed May 18 23:57:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1442554, encodeId=b7ff144255456, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7aa28e73211' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#药物开发#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=87732, encryptionId=7aa28e73211, topicName=药物开发)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=92874938033, createdName=ms1774076774505970, createdTime=Wed May 18 23:57:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]