AJG:利那洛肽可有效治疗便秘型肠易激惹综合征

2013-05-21 AJG dxy

肠易激综合征是一组包括腹痛、腹胀、排便习惯和大便性状异常的症状群。其中,腹痛和腹部不适是肠易激综合征最核心的临床症状,其突出特点是这些症状与排便有关。如果腹痛或腹部不适在进餐后加重则可能同时伴有胃的功能紊乱,又称为功能性消化不良。肠易激综合征患者多有明显的排便习惯或粪便性状的改变,排便习惯表改变现为排便次数的增加(腹泻)或减少(便秘),或腹泻与便秘交替出现。粪便性状的改变表现为糊状便、稀水便;或干

肠易激综合征是一组包括腹痛、腹胀、排便习惯和大便性状异常的症状群。其中,腹痛和腹部不适是肠易激综合征最核心的临床症状,其突出特点是这些症状与排便有关。如果腹痛或腹部不适在进餐后加重则可能同时伴有胃的功能紊乱,又称为功能性消化不良。肠易激综合征患者多有明显的排便习惯或粪便性状的改变,排便习惯表改变现为排便次数的增加(腹泻)或减少(便秘),或腹泻与便秘交替出现。粪便性状的改变表现为糊状便、稀水便;或干球粪、硬粪。有些患者排便费力,但排出的是糊状便或稀水便,将其理解为便秘;也有患者排便次数多,但排便干结,为硬粪,呈现假性腹泻。排便费力、排便急迫或排便不尽感、排粘液便及腹胀也是肠易激综合征常见的临床表现,所谓的粘液便就是排出的粪便中附有许多鼻涕样粘稠物。有1/3患者为便秘型肠易激惹综合征患者,女性多于男性。传统的肠易激惹综合征的治疗方法是直接针对患者的主要症状,解决患者的主要不适。近期的治疗方案主要包括使用替加色罗或鲁比前列素,被证实可以缓解整体症状。替加色罗是一种部分5-HT4受体激动剂,是美国食品与药物管理局批准可以短期应用治疗女性便秘型肠易激惹综合征。但因其有较严重的心血管副反应在2007年停止应用了。鲁比前列素是一种氯离子通道激活剂,2008年由美国食品与药品管理局批准应用于治疗女性便秘型肠易激惹综合征,可以有效缓解患者的全身症状。鉴于目前治疗便秘型肠易激惹综合征的可选方案少,增加新的、有效的治疗方案是亟需解决的问题。利那洛肽是一种吸收很少的14-氨基酸长的多肽。它基本不吸收进入血浆,只是与位于局部肠道的鸟苷酸环化酶C结合,从而导致细胞内和细胞外环磷酸鸟苷(cGMP)浓度增高。细胞内cGMP浓度的增加可以刺激肠液的分泌并促进胃肠活动,从而导致排便次数增多。而细胞外cGMP浓度的增加可以减少痛觉神经的活性,这与其能减少肠道疼痛有关。 2012年8月30日,美国食品与药物管理局批准了利那洛肽用于治疗成人慢性特发性便秘和便秘型肠易激惹综合征患者。 美国奥古斯塔乔治亚健康科学研究大学胃肠与肝脏疾病研究部门的Rao S等人进行了一项3周期(每周期包括12周用药治疗及4周随机撤药治疗)的多中心、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照临床实验对该药物治疗便秘型肠易激惹综合征的疗效及安全性进行了评估。发现在用药至少12周后,利那洛肽可明显改善便秘型肠易激惹综合征患者的腹痛及肠道症状。在随机撤药期,中止利那洛肽的使用,患者的症状并未较用药前的基线症状严重。这一结果发表在2013年1月的The American Journal of Gastroenterology上。
这项3周期、双盲、安慰剂对照、平行分组的实验将便秘型肠易激惹综合征患者随机分为2组,分别给予安慰剂或290μ g利那洛肽(顿服,1次/日)口服。每一周期包括12周治疗周期之后给予4周随机撤药治疗(入选实验人群随机分为2组,一组给予290μ g利那洛肽胶囊口服,另一组给予同样重量的胶囊安慰剂口服,治疗12周后,将治疗组的患者随机分为2组,一组继续给予290μ g利那洛肽胶囊口服,另一组给予同等重量的安慰剂药物,而起初的安慰剂组给予290μ g利那洛肽胶囊口服4周,此为1个周期)。实验终止的标准有4项,一项为按照 美国食品与药物管理局为便秘型肠易激惹综合征设定的标准作为实验终止点(应答者:平均每日最严重腹痛评分改善 ≥ 30 %,每周完全自主排便次数在基线水平上增加1次,这样的周评估结果在设定的时间周数内至少在50%以上)。其余三项标准主要是在12周内有9周出现基本腹痛明显改善及实现完全自主排便。同时监测用药出现的副反应时间。结果显示:该项实验共对800名患者进行了评估(平均年龄为43.5岁,其中女性比例为90.5%,白种人占76.9%)。405名使用利那洛肽治疗的患者中有136名(33.6%)满足了FDA设定的实验终止条件。395名安慰剂治疗组患者共有83人(21%)达到了实验终止条件,两者相比较差异具有统计学意义, P < 0.0001。(需治疗病例数(NNT)为8.0,95%CI:5.4-15.5)。在12周治疗周期内,利那洛肽治疗组在6周内达到下列标准的比例明显高于安慰剂组:① 腹痛明显减轻的比例 ≥ 30 %(50.1 vs. 37.5 % , P = 0.0003);② 与基线数据相比,完全自主排便次数 ≥ 1次(48.6 vs. 29.6 % , P < 0.0001)。与安慰剂组相比较,利那洛肽治疗组满足其他三项实验终止条件的比例也明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义 ( P < 0.05).。利那洛肽治疗组在次级实验终点各项指标评价中利那洛肽治疗组的缓解程度也明显高于安慰剂组(次级实验终点包括:与基线数据相比较,12周治疗期间腹痛、腹部不适、腹胀、大便频率(每周完全自主排便以及自主排便频率)、大便粘稠度等),(P < 0.001)。在随机撤药周期,继续使用利那洛肽治疗的患者症状持续缓解。因再次随机分配,由原始利那洛肽治疗组双盲随机分配至安慰剂组患者再次出现便秘型肠易激惹综合征的症状,但严重程度比起基线症状严重程度明显减轻。腹泻是药物治疗最常见的不良反应,在实验过程中也对该不良反应进行了监测。在利那洛肽治疗组有5.7%的患者因此不良反应而中止实验,这一比例在安慰剂组为0.3%。
由此作者得出结论:在用药至少12周后,利那洛肽可明显改善便秘型肠易激惹综合征患者的腹痛及肠道症状。在随机撤药期,中止利那洛肽的使用,患者的症状并未较用药前的基线症状严重。


A 12-week, randomized, controlled trial with a 4-week randomized withdrawal period to evaluate the efficacy and safety of linaclotide in irritable bowel syndrome with constipation.
OBJECTIVES
Linaclotide is a minimally absorbed guanylate cyclase-C agonist. The objective of this trial was to determine the efficacy and safety of linaclotide in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C).
METHODS
This phase 3, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial randomized IBS-C patients to placebo or 290 μ g oral linaclotide once daily in a 12-week treatment period, followed by a 4-week randomized withdrawal (RW) period. There were four primary end points, the Food and Drug Administration ’ s (FDA ’ s) primary end point for IBS-C (responder: improvement of ≥ 30 % in average daily worst abdominal pain score and increase by ≥ 1 complete spontaneous bowel movement (CSBM) from baseline (same week) for at least 50 % of weeks assessed) and three other primary end points, based on improvements in abdominal pain and CSBMs for 9 / 12 weeks. Adverse events (AEs) were monitored.
RESULTS
The trial evaluated 800 patients (mean age = 43.5 years, female = 90.5 % , white = 76.9 % ). The FDA end point was met by 136 / 405 linaclotide-treated patients (33.6 % ), compared with 83 / 395 placebo-treated patients (21.0 % ) ( P < 0.0001) (number needed to treat: 8.0, 95 % confidence interval: 5.4, 15.5). A greater percentage of linaclotide patients, compared with placebo patients, reported for at least 6 / 12 treatment period weeks, a reduction of ≥ 30 % in abdominal pain (50.1 vs. 37.5 % , P = 0.0003) and an increase of ≥ 1 CSBM from baseline (48.6 vs. 29.6 % , P < 0.0001). A greater percentage of linaclotide patients vs. placebo patients were also responders for the other three primary end points ( P < 0.05). Significantly greater improvements were seen in linaclotide vs. placebo patients for all secondary end points ( P < 0.001). During the RW period, patients remaining on linaclotide showed sustained improvement; patients re-randomized from linaclotide to placebo showed return of symptoms, but without worsening of symptoms relative to baseline. Diarrhea, the most common AE, resulted in discontinuation of 5.7 % of linaclotide and 0.3 % of placebo patients.
CONCLUSIONS
Linaclotide significantly improved abdominal pain and bowel symptoms associated with IBS-C for at least 12 weeks; there was no worsening of symptoms compared with baseline following cessation of linaclotide during the RW period.

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    2013-07-22 minzju5052
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