Lancet Infect Dis:术前抗菌药物预防 手术前早期还是晚期给药?

2017-06-26 顾歆纯 吴星 环球医学

术前早期还是晚期使用抗菌药物预防?2017年6月,发表在《Lancet Infect Dis》的一项3期随机对照研究调查了术前抗菌药物预防最佳给药时机。

术前早期还是晚期使用抗菌药物预防?2017年6月,发表在《Lancet Infect Dis》的一项3期随机对照研究调查了术前抗菌药物预防最佳给药时机。

背景:基于观察性研究,推荐在切口前60分钟,预防性使用手术抗菌药物(SAP)预防手术部位切口感染(SSI)。然而,精确的最佳给药时机尚不清楚。该试验比较了手术前早期和晚期使用SAP。

方法:在这项3期随机对照优越性试验中,研究者纳入在瑞士巴塞尔和阿劳两所医院接受普通手术的成人住院患者(年龄≥18岁)。根据已经存在的计算机生成列表,对患者进行随机集中和分层,按照1:1的比例,在麻醉室接受早期SAP,或在手术室接受晚期SAP。患者和结局评价团队对小组分配情况均不知。SAP包括单次、静脉输注头孢呋辛1.5 g,一个普遍使用的短半衰期头孢菌素,超过2~5分钟(结直肠手术中与500 mg甲硝唑联合使用)。主要终点为手术30天内 SSI的发生率。主要分析为意向治疗分析。试验注册为ClinicalTrials.gov,编号NCT01790529。

结果:2013年2月21日至2015年8月3日期间,5580例患者被随机分配至早期SAP组(2798例患者)或晚期SAP组(2782例患者)。分析了5175例患者(早期组2589例患者,晚期组2586例患者)。早期组的中位给药时间为切口前42分钟(IQR 30~55),晚期组中位给药时间为切口前16分钟(IQR 10~25)。住院患者随访率为100%(5175例患者中随访5175例患者);门诊患者30日随访率为88.8%(5175例患者中随访4596例患者),总SSI率为5.1%(4596例中有234例)。与晚期给药相比,早期给予SAP不会显着降低SSI的风险(比值比0.93,95% CI 0.72~1.21,p=0.601)。

阐释:这些结果不支持缩小较短半衰期头孢菌素的60分钟给药时间窗,因此避免增加对SAP给药时机推荐的挑战。

原始出处:

Weber, W. P., et al. (2017). "Timing of surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis: a phase 3 randomised controlled trial." Lancet Infect Dis 17(6): 605-614.

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    2017-10-03 cmj8wellington
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    2017-10-06 howi
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    2017-06-28 lhlxtx
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Obstet Gynecol:卵巢癌患者术前血小板和白细胞升高,预示术后不良结局

目的:验证血小板升高和白细胞升高与术后并发症和死亡率有相关性。方法:纳入经美国外科医师国家外科质量改进项目鉴定后的2005年至2012年间接受首次手术治疗的卵巢癌病例。将血小板大于450000/mm的定义为血小板升高,白细胞大于10000/mm的定义为白细胞升高。研究者计算术后30天内的并发症发生率和死亡率。使用描述性统计分析和多变量logistic回归分析。结果:纳入1072例病例。血小板的例数

Lung Cancer:经VATS根治妊娠肺癌

妊娠合并肺癌少见,发生率接近1/1000。最常报道的妊娠合并恶性肿瘤是乳腺癌、宫颈癌、恶性黑色素瘤、淋巴瘤和白血病,很少有报道妊娠合并肺癌。韩国Jeong-Won Kim教授等报道了一例女性患者,在孕24周时发现右下肺叶肿块且体积不断增大,该文发表在2014年8月的肺癌杂志(Lung Cancer)。 CT示右下肺叶一直径约7.5cm的肿块。在评估了患者获益和胎儿的风险之后,作者采取VATS