美国国立卫生研究院采用新算法评估论文影响力

2016-11-18 宗华 科学网

图片来源:yahoo.com 在全球最大的生物医学资助机构——美国国立卫生研究院(NIH),一种鲜为人知的对研究论文影响力进行评分的算法已成为重要的基金管理工具。 2015年,NIH投资组合分析办公室(OPA)设计了该工具,旨在更加公平地比较来自不同领域的论文的表现。如今,NIH最大的机构之一正在利用相对引用率(RCR)这一标准,确认某些类型的基金获得的收益是否


图片来源:yahoo.com

在全球最大的生物医学资助机构——美国国立卫生研究院(NIH),一种鲜为人知的对研究论文影响力进行评分的算法已成为重要的基金管理工具。

2015年,NIH投资组合分析办公室(OPA)设计了该工具,旨在更加公平地比较来自不同领域的论文的表现。如今,NIH最大的机构之一正在利用相对引用率(RCR)这一标准,确认某些类型的基金获得的收益是否大于投资。其他资助者也开始采用由该机构在网上免费提供的RCR。在英国,生物医学慈善机构——惠康基金正利用RCR分析其基金投资结果;在意大利,为研究遗传性疾病提供支持的慈善机构——Fondazione Telethon正在测试RCR作为评估其资助方案的方式。

“无论在NIH内部还是外部,它都很受欢迎。”OPA主任George Santangelo表示。Santangelo带领的由科学家、统计员和数据管理员组成的18人团队于5年前成立,目标便是设计分析NIH基金资助的工具。

该团队被要求衡量哪项NIH研究拥有最大的影响力。不过,团队成员并未简单地选择通过论文发表的期刊作出判断。这种方法会给发表在高被引期刊上的文章较高的得分,但也存在缺陷。比如,重要的研究可能因没有发表于核心期刊而被低估。与此同时,单纯地计算被引次数无法实现放在一起评判的应当是类似论文的想法。比如,一篇只获得了几十次引用的代数学论文在数学领域产生的影响力,可能比一项被广泛引用的癌症研究在肿瘤学领域产生的影响力大。

将同一领域不同文章进行对比的算法由诸如爱思唯尔等商业分析公司提供,但Santangelo团队认为,其衡量标准在技术上即便没有优于这些算法,也和它们表现得一样好,并且重要的是,前者更容易被获取到。“我们见到的其他衡量标准都没有RCR这样透明。”Santangelo表示。

不过,也有人批评新的标准。“我们的分析显示,它并不比其他指标好。”德国马普学会文献计量学专家Lutz Bornmann介绍说,过去若干年里该学会至少利用了3种其他衡量标准以评估其所属机构,但并未有采用RCR的计划。该学会认为,RCR太过复杂并且有太多限制,因为它只能被应用于大部分是生物医学论文的PubMed数据库,而对物理科学的分析并不适用。

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    2017-10-08 lisa438
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    2016-11-18 兰焱雨

    还需要继续学习……

    0

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    2016-11-18 刘煜

    阅读了谢谢分享。

    0

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    2016-11-18 taipingyang4990

    这个不错

    0

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