Spine J:棘突间微创减压术改善腰椎管狭窄效果好

2014-04-12 MedSci MedSci原创

  腰椎管狭窄是脊柱退变性疾病,伴随着神经结构狭窄的特征,该疾病引起腰腿痛甚至残疾,并降低患者的生活质量。由于保守治疗的效果很有限,因此手术治疗腰椎管狭窄受到骨科医生的推荐。   然而,手术治疗腰椎管狭窄面临的挑战是,如何能够在解除马尾和神经管受压的同时,保留脊柱的完整性。常用的腰椎管狭窄手术技术是椎板切除术,但该术式广泛切除了脊柱后方的结构,于是术后脊柱的不稳定性风险很高。   另外,由于疤痕张

  腰椎管狭窄是脊柱退变性疾病,伴随着神经结构狭窄的特征,该疾病引起腰腿痛甚至残疾,并降低患者的生活质量。由于保守治疗的效果很有限,因此手术治疗腰椎管狭窄受到骨科医生的推荐。

  然而,手术治疗腰椎管狭窄面临的挑战是,如何能够在解除马尾和神经管受压的同时,保留脊柱的完整性。常用的腰椎管狭窄手术技术是椎板切除术,但该术式广泛切除了脊柱后方的结构,于是术后脊柱的不稳定性风险很高。

  另外,由于疤痕张力的存在,广泛性疤痕的形成也将是术后腰背部疼痛的重要原因。并且,为了获得足够的减压,单侧手术入路破坏了部分脊柱小关节,而脊柱小关节对脊柱的稳定性非常重要。

  然而,棘突间微创减压手术涉及切除棘上和棘间韧带,以及椎管狭窄平面上位棘突的后部结构,中央开窗将会解除马尾及神经管受压,由于局限的脊柱后方结构的破坏,从而保证了脊柱小关节的稳定性,即棘突间微创手术不破坏脊柱小关节,因此脊柱稳定性更好。为了评价棘突间微创减压手术的长期临床疗效及术后脊柱不稳定性,德国学者Youssef Jalil等进行了一项回顾性研究,该研究结果已在近期的Spine杂志上发表。

  在该研究中,106例腰椎管狭窄症患者采用了棘突间微创减压手术,包括稳定性的脊椎滑脱患者,而近期腰椎手术的患者及腰椎病理性病变的患者不纳入此项研究(如肿瘤、不稳定性、骨折等)。临床远期疗效采用自评问卷回顾性评价方式,包含的指标有 Oswestry功能障碍指数,视觉模拟评分(0-10),行走容量(1-5),步行能力和全局活动进展,以及患者满意度。术后脊柱不稳定的风险评价依据腰椎动态X线片。

  该研究结果显示,棘突间微创减压术后Oswestry功能障碍指数为21.61%(术前为58.20),腿腰疼视觉模拟评分(0-10)为2.33、3.48(术前8.62/8.69),行走容量(1-5)为1.81(术前93.23),并且93.23的患者对手术疗效中度满意或非常满意。

  该结果可以如下合理解释:1.棘突间微创减压术通过破坏在脊柱弯曲中起小部分作用,脊柱其它结构可以补偿的棘上和棘间韧带,但保留了在脊柱弯曲中起大作用的椎体小关节的完整性,从而做到了双侧减压,这在一定程度上保留了影响脊柱稳定性的重要结构,这就区别于单开门减压术(破坏椎体小关节);2. 椎体小关节骨组织的有限损耗为相对快速的骨再生提供了基础,可能替代了韧带切除后瘢痕组织形成,从而消除了腰腿疼的诱因(疤痕张力)。

  该研究结果表明,棘突间微创减压术治疗退变性腰椎管狭窄症,患者术后5年临床症状得以改善,而放射学结果显示不改变脊柱的稳定性。

原始出处:
Jalil Y Carvalho C Becker R. Long-term clinical and radiological postoperative outcomes after an interspinous microdecompression of degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis..Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2014 Mar 39 5 :368-73


  

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    2014-05-07 mgqwxj
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    2014-04-14 vera_1203
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    2014-04-14 cnxcy

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