Lupus:利妥昔单抗治疗SLE的meta分析

2014-01-01 MedSci MedSci原创

系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)是一种反复发作的具有多种临床表现及血清学异常的疾病,全身多系统器官均可受累。SLE以妇女及儿童多发,非洲裔、西班牙裔及亚裔人群高发。患者诊断10年内的死亡率高达10%。本病的治疗目标主要是诱导并维持缓解、避免可能的药物毒副作用。糖皮质激素、抗疟药以及环磷酰胺、霉酚酸酯、硫唑嘌呤等免疫抑制剂是本病的主要治疗药物。然而上述药物的疗效有限,治疗后有病情复发的风险,且长期用药的毒副

系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)是一种反复发作的具有多种临床表现及血清学异常的疾病,全身多系统器官均可受累。SLE以妇女及儿童多发,非洲裔、西班牙裔及亚裔人群高发。患者诊断10年内的死亡率高达10%。本病的治疗目标主要是诱导并维持缓解、避免可能的药物毒副作用。糖皮质激素、抗疟药以及环磷酰胺、霉酚酸酯、硫唑嘌呤等免疫抑制剂是本病的主要治疗药物。然而上述药物的疗效有限,治疗后有病情复发的风险,且长期用药的毒副反应可能造成器官损伤。针对SLE的B细胞靶向治疗具有强有力的理论基础。B细胞在SLE的发病中具有核心地位,其可产生自身抗体,产生细胞因子参与炎症反应,通过产生自身抗原而激活T细胞,通过共刺激分子而激活调节T细胞。

利妥昔单抗(RTX)是一种结合于CD20分子表位而杀灭B细胞的单克隆抗体。该药物在上世纪90年代主要应用于B细胞淋巴瘤的治疗,此后被逐渐应用于类风湿关节炎。2002年起,一系列观察性研究证实RTX对难治性SLE有效。已有超过1000例患者参与到公开实验研究中。然而,最近有两项随机对照研究并未发现在标准治疗基础上的RTX有超越安慰剂的作用。本研究是对发表的RTX治疗SLE有效性的研究的系统回顾。

临床症状的错综复杂以及复发率的居高不下是目前系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)治疗中面临的最大挑战。利妥昔单抗(RTX)作为一种针对B细胞的靶向抗体,其控制SLE病情活动度的有效性已被数个观察性研究所证实。


然而亦有相反的结论,无肾脏受累(EXPLORER)和有肾脏受累(LUNAR)研究是两个以安慰剂为对照的随机性研究,这两项研究均以常规治疗为基础,但RTX并未显示出相比于安慰剂的优越性。为明确RTX治疗SLE患者的有效性,来自瑞士日内瓦大学医院普内科的B Duxbury等研究者进行了一项系统回顾。该研究对文献中治疗应答的混合百分比进行了评估。研究结果发表于2013年12月的《狼疮》(Lupus)杂志上。

该系统回顾共纳入了三十项研究,共1243例的患者数据被分析。在使用不列颠群岛狼疮评估组指数(BILAG)进行评估时,治疗后患者的完全应答率(CR)为46.7%,部分应答率(PR)为37.9%。而使用系统性红斑狼疮病情活动指数(SLEDAI)进行评估时,患者经治疗后的CR为56.6%,PR为
30.9%。在针对狼疮性肾炎的研究中,治疗后患者的CR为36.1%,PR为37.4%。在EXPOLRER研究中,CR为12.4,PR为17.2%;在LUNAR研究中,CR为26.4%,PR为30.6%。这两项研究的结果与对照组比较无统计学差异。

现阶段,针对SLE病情治疗应答的评估及标准化方法仍存在缺陷。在对照性研究和观察性研究中,RTX治疗有效性评估的差异反应了狼疮病情的异质性,对治疗应答评估的规范化显得尤为重要。未来对狼疮的研究应注意:甄别SLE病情的特异性而纳入特定研究,并应使用多种治疗应答评估方法同时进行评估。

原始出处:
Duxbury B, Combescure C, Chizzolini C.Rituximab in systemic lupus erythematosus: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.Lupus. 2013;22(14):1489-503【原文下载】

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    2014-10-07 一闲
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    2014-09-06 guojianrong
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