PFNA DHS与Gamma钉排:PFNA最终胜出

2015-01-22 超人也想当好医生 林超文 丁香园

随着人口老龄化地增长,股骨转子间骨折的发病率也在不断增高。转子间骨折治疗方法包括髓外固定和髓内固定。其中,动力髋螺钉(DHS)是髓外固定中最具代表性的,也是治疗转子间骨折的金标准。然而,DHS并不适用于所有的转子间骨折,其治疗不稳定性或反斜型转子间骨折的疗效较差。 由于Gamma钉治疗转子间骨折的疗效好,在临床上也得到广泛应用。然而,长期的随访研究发现Gamma钉可增加术中和术后并发症发

随着人口老龄化地增长,股骨转子间骨折的发病率也在不断增高。转子间骨折治疗方法包括髓外固定和髓内固定。其中,动力髋螺钉(DHS)是髓外固定中最具代表性的,也是治疗转子间骨折的金标准。然而,DHS并不适用于所有的转子间骨折,其治疗不稳定性或反斜型转子间骨折的疗效较差。

由于Gamma钉治疗转子间骨折的疗效好,在临床上也得到广泛应用。然而,长期的随访研究发现Gamma钉可增加术中和术后并发症发生率,导致需要翻修手术治疗。

股骨近端防旋型髓内钉(PFNA)的出现就是为了克服上述内固定物问题,早期的随访发现PFNA能有效治疗转子间骨折。PFNA具有角稳定性和旋转稳定性,对骨质疏松患者非常重要,而且患者可早期下地活动。生物力学试验结果表明PFNA优于DHS和Gamma钉。

虽然近年来也有不少随机对照试验比较这三种内固定物治疗转子间骨折的疗效,但是这些研究几乎都存在样本量过少或研究设计不合理等不足。

K.-L. Ma医生等通过meta分析比较这三种内固定物治疗转子间骨折的疗效(12个参考指标:手术时间、透视时间、手术出血量、住院时长、伤口感染或血肿、肺炎、栓塞、内固定失效、术中股骨骨折、再手术、术后股骨再骨折及其他并发症),文章最近发表在Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research上。

通过在OVID、Springer、 Google Scholar、 PubMed、Cochrane library、Embase and Web of Science 等七个电子数据库中搜索关键词“intertrochanteric fractures”、“proximal femoral nail antirotation”、“dynamic hip screw”and“Gamma nail”。筛选掉不符合条件的和重复的文献后,共纳入14篇研究1983名患者(图1)。

数据分析得:PFNA组比DHS组的术中出血量更少和内固定失效率更低,但是前者放射暴露时间更长;PFNA组比Gamma钉组术中出血量更少、放射暴露时间更短和住院时间更短;DHS组比Gamma钉组的术中股骨再骨折几率、术后股骨骨折发生率和再手术率都低,但是前者术中出血更多。三种内固定方法的手术时间、感染率、肺炎发病率和血栓发生率都无明显差异。

本研究还发现三种内固定方法的失败率(切割或骨折不愈合等)无明显差异。然而,有Zeng C,等的研究发现PFNA组的内固定失败率要比DHS组低。这主要是由于PFNA是带有螺旋刀头的髓内固定装置,一定程度上减少了内翻和旋转导致的切割效应的发生。

另外,本研究发现DHS组的再手术率要比Gamma钉组的低,而Jiang SD等和Liu M等的meta分析结果发现DHS组的再手术率与DHS组无明显差异。

因此,作者认为PFNA治疗股骨转子间骨折的疗效优于DHS和Gamma钉,不仅内固定失效率低,而且术中出血少和住院时间更短。与Gamma钉比较,DHS治疗转子间骨折的内固定物相关并发症发生率更低。

原始出处:

Ma KL1, Wang X2, Luan FJ1, Xu HT1, Fang Y3, Min J1, Luan HX1, Yang F1, Zheng H1, He SJ1.Proximal femoral nails antirotation, Gamma nails, and dynamic hip screws for fixation of intertrochanteric fractures of femur: A meta-analysis.Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2014 Dec;100(8):859-66. doi: 10.1016/j.otsr.2014.07.023. Epub 2014 Nov 6.

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    2015-04-12 x35042875

    患OS这个疾病的高风险人群提供干预措施以避免不良预后和机械治疗措施

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=20917, encodeId=27812091e27, content=患OS这个疾病的高风险人群提供干预措施以避免不良预后和机械治疗措施, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150920/IMG55FDE671A89482379.jpg, createdBy=cef3108336, createdName=x35042875, createdTime=Sun Apr 12 07:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16511, encodeId=45c21651106, content=?学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=111, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f2fb1607679, createdName=orthoW, createdTime=Thu Feb 19 21:30:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15579, encodeId=bbae155e9d2, content=Pfna治疗老年转子间骨折最合适。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=97, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=da6b7222, createdName=chinayinhan, createdTime=Sun Feb 15 23:59:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2021970, encodeId=2fc920219e055, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e9e6e55483' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#FNA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7554, encryptionId=e9e6e55483, topicName=FNA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/101296147/72D57F5B3E12B2BB53D6BD015D14DCD6/100, createdBy=a92e2500162, createdName=passed water, createdTime=Wed Dec 09 22:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-02-19 orthoW

    ?学习了

    0

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    2015-02-15 chinayinhan

    Pfna治疗老年转子间骨折最合适。

    0

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    2015-12-09 passed water