PNAS:乳酸在提高记忆力中的作用

2014-08-20 佚名 生物谷

大家都知道,对于大脑如何正常工作,神经元是关键的。但事实证明,他们不是在此表演秀中唯一的明星。星形胶质细胞在记忆和学习中也起到了至关重要的作用。 研究揭示了星形胶质细胞产生乳酸,加速记忆过程。这样的发现是令人惊讶的,这开辟了治疗认知和记忆障碍以及精神疾病如抑郁症的新可能性。 我们的大脑是贪婪的,吞噬了每日机体能量消耗中的25%多能量。神经元和星形胶质细胞依赖于葡萄糖茁壮成长,神经元用葡萄糖

大家都知道,对于大脑如何正常工作,神经元是关键的。但事实证明,他们不是在此表演秀中唯一的明星。星形胶质细胞在记忆和学习中也起到了至关重要的作用。

研究揭示了星形胶质细胞产生乳酸,加速记忆过程。这样的发现是令人惊讶的,这开辟了治疗认知和记忆障碍以及精神疾病如抑郁症的新可能性。

我们的大脑是贪婪的,吞噬了每日机体能量消耗中的25%多能量。神经元和星形胶质细胞依赖于葡萄糖茁壮成长,神经元用葡萄糖来保护自己免受来自自身活动所产生的毒性产物积累的损伤影响。星形胶质细胞能制造乳酸​​,乳酸长期被认为是糖代谢的副产品,然后乳酸却可作为神经元的一个简单能量来源。

2011年在Cell杂志上公布的一项研究证实了乳酸在记忆过程中的关键作用。在体内,当星形胶质细胞产生的乳酸转移到神经元中的过程被阻断,记忆过程也被阻断。在阐明分子机制过程中,科学家们发现乳酸提供的不仅仅是能源,它可作为一种谷氨酸受体(NMDA受体)的调节剂,NMDA受体是神经系统的主要神经递质,其也参与了记忆过程。

科学家们在体外研究中获得了他们最初的研究成果,它们暴露小鼠神经元于各种物质下,测量各种物质对涉及记忆的基因表达的影响。葡萄糖和丙酮酸(另一种葡萄糖衍生物)没有任何影响,另一方面,乳酸补充剂触发参与了脑可塑性的四种基因的表达,这些基因表达对于记忆过程是必需的。

他们在体内继续开展研究,同样证实了他们的结果。他们将乳酸施加到小鼠大脑内,然后提取组织和测量的基因表达,发现参与脑可塑性的基因的表达显著增加。

目前,研究人员已经确定了一系列分子,可以使星形胶质细胞产生更多的乳酸,现在的想法是分析乳酸在体内,是否能缓解我们的认知障碍和记忆障碍。

原始出处:

Yang J1, Ruchti E2, Petit JM3, Jourdain P3, Grenningloh G1, Allaman I4, Magistretti PJ5.Lactate promotes plasticity gene expression by potentiating NMDA signaling in neurons.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Jul 28. pii: 201322912. [pdf free]

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    2015-05-15 drwjr
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1855611, encodeId=27161855611dd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f32014428fc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PNAS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14428, encryptionId=f32014428fc, topicName=PNAS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=08e964, createdName=drwjr, createdTime=Fri May 15 09:28:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=11318, encodeId=23f311318bf, content=胶质细胞的功能对神经元功能的实现至关重要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=870092288, createdName=rosa00tong, createdTime=Tue Aug 26 17:29:00 CST 2014, time=2014-08-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=11243, encodeId=a86911243e5, content=星形胶质细胞对神经元的支持和营养作用越来越成为研究热点, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=160, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=870092288, createdName=rosa00tong, createdTime=Sun Aug 24 16:33:00 CST 2014, time=2014-08-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=11242, encodeId=74f011242bb, content=乳酸浓度应该有个阈值,过多就会导致神经元的损伤,与ATP的存在一样, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=146, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=115.217.114.123, createdTime=Sun Aug 24 16:31:00 CST 2014, time=2014-08-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-08-26 rosa00tong

    胶质细胞的功能对神经元功能的实现至关重要

    0

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    2014-08-24 rosa00tong

    星形胶质细胞对神经元的支持和营养作用越来越成为研究热点

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1855611, encodeId=27161855611dd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f32014428fc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PNAS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14428, encryptionId=f32014428fc, topicName=PNAS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=08e964, createdName=drwjr, createdTime=Fri May 15 09:28:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=11318, encodeId=23f311318bf, content=胶质细胞的功能对神经元功能的实现至关重要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=870092288, createdName=rosa00tong, createdTime=Tue Aug 26 17:29:00 CST 2014, time=2014-08-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=11243, encodeId=a86911243e5, content=星形胶质细胞对神经元的支持和营养作用越来越成为研究热点, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=160, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=870092288, createdName=rosa00tong, createdTime=Sun Aug 24 16:33:00 CST 2014, time=2014-08-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=11242, encodeId=74f011242bb, content=乳酸浓度应该有个阈值,过多就会导致神经元的损伤,与ATP的存在一样, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=146, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=115.217.114.123, createdTime=Sun Aug 24 16:31:00 CST 2014, time=2014-08-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-08-24 115.217.114.123

    乳酸浓度应该有个阈值,过多就会导致神经元的损伤,与ATP的存在一样

    0