Cardiovasc Diabetol:尿中微生物酚类代谢物的一年变化与2型糖尿病风险的关系

2022-09-02 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

(多)酚是MeDiet中主要的抗氧化剂和抗炎化合物之一,实验和临床研究都认为它们具有促进健康和预防疾病的作用。

背景:地中海饮食(MeDiet)与减少2型糖尿病发病率之间的关联在PREDIMED(Prevención con Dieta地中海ránea)营养干预试验中被证明,该试验在心血管风险较高的老年人中进行。与对照组相比,添加特级初榨橄榄油的MeDiet显著降低了40%的风险,而添加混合坚果的MeDiet则没有显著降低18%的风险。随后,进行了几项分析,以评估MeDiets的个别成分对这一结果的影响。因此,Tresserra-Rimbau等人。据报道,从MeDiet中摄取更多的类黄酮类、二苯乙烯类和总(多)酚与减少2型糖尿病的发病率有关。

(多)酚是MeDiet中主要的抗氧化剂和抗炎化合物之一,实验和临床研究都认为它们具有促进健康和预防疾病的作用。在摄取(多)酚后,它们的生物利用度通过肠道微生物区系的修饰而提高,从而产生被称为微生物酚类代谢物(MPM)的新化合物。这些化合物可以到达血液,并对靶器官产生生物效应。MPM被细胞色素转化为第二相代谢产物(葡萄糖醛酸苷和硫酸盐),这是人体体液中的活性分子。尽管是高度生物活性的分子,考虑到属于(多)酚家族的分子数量很大,它们的定量和与二型糖尿病发作的关联至今还没有被广泛研究。

目的:这项初步研究旨在评估糖尿病前期受试者尿中排泄的MPM浓度与二型糖尿病发展风险之间的关系。

方法:这项工作是在PREDIMED试验中进行的一项试点病例对照研究,pre dimed试验是一项多中心、平行组、随机、对照试验,旨在评估MeDiet对心血管疾病(CVD)一级预防的效果,对象为年龄在55至80岁之间的心血管疾病高风险但基线时无CVD的女性和男性。参与者(n = 7447)被随机分为三个干预组:添加特级初榨橄榄油的饮食组、添加混合坚果的饮食组和低脂控制饮食组。报告能量摄入不合理(女性< 500或> 3500kcal/天,男性< 800或> 4000kcal/天)的参与者从选择中排除。PREDIMED研究是根据赫尔辛基宣言的伦理标准指南和CONSORT指南(补充材料)进行的,所有程序都由参与中心的机构审查委员会批准。该临床试验在ISRCTN注册,编号为35739639(https://www . ISR ctn . com/ISR ctn 35739639,于2022年4月27日访问)。从所有参与者处获得书面知情同意。有关研究方案的详细信息,请参见Martínez-González等人,2012年和http://www . pre dimed . es(2022年3月16日访问)。该研究的次要结果之一是二型糖尿病的发病率;在基线时没有糖尿病的3541名参与者中,有273人在4.1年的随访中患上了糖尿病。在目前的病例对照研究中,我们从PREDIMED研究的所有合格受试者中随机选择了172名参与者,这些受试者在基线时没有糖尿病,并且在基线时和一年随访后有可用的尿液样本,其中46名为2型糖尿病病例,126名为非2型糖尿病病例。

结论:与羟基苯甲酸葡萄糖醛酸脂一年变化中最低三分位数的参与者相比,最高三分位数的参与者患2型糖尿病的几率显著降低(OR[95%CI],0.39[0.23-0.64];趋势P<0.001)。然而,当额外调整空腹血糖时,便没有显著的统计差异。

图1 病例对照设计流程图。

表1 在PREDIMED研究中,尿中MPMs浓度一年变化的三分位数导致二型糖尿病事件的可能性(OR [95% CI])

图2PREDIMED研究中MPM尿浓度一年变化导致二型糖尿病发展的可能性(OR [95% CI])。该模型根据性别、年龄、干预组、体重指数、体力活动、吸烟状况、教育水平、高血压、血脂异常和能量摄入进行了调整。

结论:饮食模式的改变可以增加这种化合物的浓度,这种化合物来自许多富含(多)酚的食物,也可能改变肠道微生物种群,促进代谢物的产生。

原文出处:Denimal D,  Monier S,  Simoneau I, et al.HDL functionality in type 1 diabetes: enhancement of cholesterol efflux capacity in relationship with decreased HDL carbamylation after improvement of glycemic control.Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022 08 12;21(1)

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    2022-09-24 quxin068
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T2DM占所有糖尿病病例的90%。糖尿病影响多个器官,包括心脏、肌肉、皮肤、眼睛、大脑和肾脏,并导致微血管和大血管并发症。与非糖尿病患者相比,糖尿病患者出现心血管疾病的风险要高2至4倍。

Acta Diabetol:降糖药与初级保健的2型糖尿病患者卒中和短暂性脑缺血发作的相关性

2型糖尿病与缺血性和出血性卒中的风险增加相关。一项孟德尔随机化研究表明,二型糖尿病病的遗传易感性与大动脉卒中之间存在因果关系。

磺脲类药物预处理可减少糖尿病患者基底节出血和血周水肿风险

糖尿病合并急性基底节出血患者,磺脲类药物的预处理可能与入院时的血周水肿和相对血周水肿较低有关。