Environ Health Perspect:孕妇吸烟可能会改变孩子的DNA

2014-07-31 佚名 生物通

根据一项最新研究表明,孕妇吸烟不仅会危害胎儿的健康,而且还会损害孩子的DNA。这一研究或许可以解释为什么吸烟孕妇的孩子在以后的生活中会继续面临健康并发症。吸烟母亲产出的婴儿往往较小,肺功能受损,并有较高的出生缺陷发生率。即使成年之后,这些人也表现出健康和行为问题,吸烟母亲生的孩子长大后更容易患哮喘、尼古丁成瘾与药物滥用。美国国立环境卫生科学研究所的遗传流行病学家Christina Markunas

根据一项最新研究表明,孕妇吸烟不仅会危害胎儿的健康,而且还会损害孩子的DNA。这一研究或许可以解释为什么吸烟孕妇的孩子在以后的生活中会继续面临健康并发症。

吸烟母亲产出的婴儿往往较小,肺功能受损,并有较高的出生缺陷发生率。即使成年之后,这些人也表现出健康和行为问题,吸烟母亲生的孩子长大后更容易患哮喘、尼古丁成瘾与药物滥用。美国国立环境卫生科学研究所的遗传流行病学家Christina Markunas和围产期流行病学家Allen Wilcox共同给Science发邮件称:“我们对这种影响的生物学机制了解有限。”一种可能性就是所谓的表观遗传学变化(epigenetic changes)。各种环境触发因子——从压力到饮食,可化学修饰DNA,打开或关闭某些基因。

在调查“母亲吸烟是否会引起这种变化”的同类研究中,这项新研究是最大的一项。研究人员分析了来自分娩后的889名婴儿的血液,其中约三分之一的孕妇自我报告在早期妊娠有过吸烟经历。研究小组寻找称为甲基原子团的化学标签——只是几种DNA表观遗传学修饰类型之一。

这项研究的结果是令人惊讶的。吸烟母亲生出的孩子,表现出DNA的表观遗传学变异,而这些变异并不存在于非吸烟母亲的孩子当中,相关研究结果提前发表在国际一流环境健康学术刊物Environmental Health Perspectives。与非吸烟母亲的婴儿相比,吸烟母亲的婴儿在超过100个基因区域发生变化。受影响的基因当中,包括那些与胎儿发育、尼古丁成瘾和戒烟能力相关的基因。

这项工作提供了迄今为止最为有力的证据表明,怀孕期间的母亲行为可以调控胎儿DNA。此外,哈佛大学环境表观遗传学实验室主任Andrea Baccarelli称,以前的研究也支持这一调查结果,表明孕妇吸烟可能会改变新生儿的DNA。这一大规模研究的结果,与以前更小的研究以及调查香烟化学物质对细胞的影响的研究结果一致,他指出:“这是毒理学研究(基于实验室)和人类研究之间趋同性的一个很好的例子。”

然而,仍然存在一些问题。一是,新生儿中检测到的遗传变化,可能不会存在太久。布朗大学Alpert医学院的行为遗传学家Valerie Knopik称:“我们还没有办法知道,这些表观遗传学修饰是短暂的、正则胞体发育的部分,还是更为永久的、吸烟暴露的真正结果。”

虽然还需要更多的研究来了解婴儿中所观察到的DNA变化的完整含义,但这项研究为儿童健康的其他问题打开了一条途径。Markunas和Wilcox写道:“如果母亲吸烟可以改变新生儿的DNA甲基化谱,那么怀孕期间对其他环境中的化学物质暴露,如空气、住房和食物,也可能有遗传学效应。怀孕期间接触这些化学物质可能对婴儿有何影响,我们知道的只是冰山一角。”

原始出处:

Markunas CA1, Xu Z1, Harlid S2, Wade PA2, Lie RT3, Taylor JA4, Wilcox AJ1.Identification of DNA Methylation Changes in Newborns Related to Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy.Environ Health Perspect. 2014 Jun 6. [Epub ahead of print]

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    2014-08-18 anminleiryan
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    2014-12-09 shizhenshan
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    2014-08-23 feather89
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    2014-08-02 july_979
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