Nature:意外发现!肠道微生物与“脑部疾病”有关

2017-06-02 生物观察 生物探索

近日,发表在Nature杂志上题为“Endothelial TLR4 and the microbiome drive cerebral cavernous malformations”的研究发现,肠道微生物中的一种细菌驱动了一种常见脑部疾病的形成。科学家们认为,改变患者体内的微生物组可能会成为这种脑血管疾病的有效方法。



近日,发表在Nature杂志上题为“Endothelial TLR4 and the microbiome drive cerebral cavernous malformations”的研究发现,肠道微生物中的一种细菌驱动了一种常见脑部疾病的形成。科学家们认为,改变患者体内的微生物组可能会成为这种脑血管疾病的有效方法。

具体来说,在这一研究中,来自宾夕法尼亚大学的一个科学家小组调查了导致脑海绵状畸形(Cerebral cavernous malformations,CCMs)病变背后的机制,发现了与肠道细菌间意外的关联。当细菌被清除时,病变的数量大大减少了。



迷之意外

据NIH的报道描述,原本,发现这一成果的科学家们正在研究一种成熟的小鼠模型。这种小鼠在被注射了一种用于诱导基因缺失的药物后,会形成大量的CCMs。然而,奇怪的是,当这些小鼠被重新安置到一个新的设施(facility)中,病变形成的频率降至几乎为零。

该研究的通讯作者Mark L. Kahn教授说:“这完全是一个谜。突然间,我们正常可靠的小鼠模型不再形成我们所期望的病变了。有趣的是,我们在人类身上也发现了这种病变形成的变化性。携带相同基因突变的患者常常会有显着不同的病程。”

细菌感染

在调查这种“变化性”是因何而起时,研究人员注意到,“转变环境”后能够继续形成病变的少数小鼠在它们的腹部出现了细菌性脓肿。这种感染最可能是因为腹部药物注射引起的。脓肿中含有革兰氏阴性菌。当在CCM模型动物中故意诱导相似的细菌感染时,约一半的动物产生了显着的CCMs。

该研究的第一作者Alan T. Tang说:“我们还发现,形成CCMs的小鼠在它们的脾脏处也有脓肿,这意味着,细菌从最初的脓肿部位进入了血液。这表明,细菌通过血液传播与大脑中血管病变形成有关。”


CCM lesions in the human brain - MRIs ofhealthy (left) and a patient with a mutation that increases CCM formation(right). These lesions can cause blood to leak into the tissue.

LPS信号

那么,血液中的细菌是如何影响大脑中血管行为的呢?研究发现,革兰氏阴性菌产生的脂多糖(lipopolysaccharides,LPS)分子发挥了重要作用。

当小鼠仅接受LPS注射,它们也形成了大量的CCMs,类似于细菌感染产生的效果。相反,当将这些小鼠中的LPS受体TLR4删除后,它们则不再能形成CCM病变。研究人员还发现,在人类中,导致TLR4表达增加的基因突变与更大的CCMs形成风险有关。

Kahn教授说:“当我们知道病变的形成可能是由体内的革兰氏阴性细菌通过LPS信号驱动的,下一个问题是,是否我们能够通过改变体内的细菌来预防病变。”

接着,研究人员通过两种途径调查了小鼠体内的细菌(微生物组)变化。一种是,新生的CCM小鼠在正常环境下生长,或者在无菌条件下生长(无菌组);另一种是,这些小鼠被注射了抗生素来重塑它们的微生物组(抗生素组)。结果发现,无菌组和抗生素组的小鼠病变数量显着减少。这表明肠道微生物组的数量和质量能够影响CCM的形成。

此外,研究还发现,一种特异性阻断TLR4的药物也使病变的形成显着减少了。这种药物已经进入临床试验,被检测用于败血症的治疗。基于这项新成果,该药可能具有治疗CCMs的潜能。

未来计划

Kahn教授和他的同事们计划继续研究微生物组和CCM形成之间的关联。尽管科学家们已经鉴定出人类中能够导致CCMs形成的特定基因突变,但携带相同突变的患者形成的病变大小和数量差异很大。研究小组下一步的目标是,对“患者微生物组不同能够解释病变数量差异”这一假设进行验证。

原始出处:

Alan T.Tang, Jaesung P.Choi et al.Endothelial TLR4 and the microbiome drive cerebral cavernous malformations.Nature 545,305-310(18 May 2017)doi:10.1038/nature22075

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    2017-12-18 liye789132251
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    2017-06-05 meiliwuxian

    益生菌又要卖火了

    0

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    2017-06-03 178****5599

    在一些国家已经用正常人的粪便注入到患者体内,本是治疗胃肠疾病,但却意外的治疗好神经系统相关疾病,这研究可能会对多种病治疗起到突破性作用

    0

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    2017-06-02 海棠胜雪

    有意思

    0

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    2017-06-02 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    文章很好,拜读了

    0

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保护孩子以及教育他们养成健康的习惯以顺利成长是母亲的天然使命,而如今的一项新研究则表明母亲体内的有益细菌能够具有相同的作用。(图片摘自www.pixabay.com) 这一研究结果表明,孩子肠道内30%的益生菌是来自于母乳喂养,而另外有10%则是来自于母亲乳房表面的细菌。此外,接受母乳喂养的孩子在开始摄入固体食物之后还能够保持这一效应,即体内

Nature:科学家首次发现肠道微生物竟然会诱发中风!

近日,《自然》杂志上刊登了一篇研究,宾夕法尼亚大学医学院的研究人员发现,肠道微生物竟然会推动脑海绵状血管瘤(cerebral cavernous malformations,CCM)的发展!

Gut:遗传和宿主遗传学对肠道菌群和代谢综合征的影响

特定的宿主基因型介导的微生物组成变化可以导致代谢综合征

Nat Med:科学家发现「神药」二甲双胍降糖新机制,肠道微生物竟是重要一环!

二甲双胍作为降糖药,已经为II型糖尿病患者“服务”了几十年了,也是目前世界上应用最广泛的降糖药物。

Cell Host & Microbe:肠道微生物又发威!粪便可以揭示疾病进程或预测药物效果

自从2007年人类微生物组计划(Human Microbiome Project,HMP)启动开始,各种各样的微生物研究陆续出现在大家的视野中,尤其是近年来“火的不行”的肠道微生物。

Microbiome:肠道微生物又和大脑功能相关了!猜猜这次是因为什么?

一项由美国UCLA的研究人员完成的最新研究发现了肠道易激综合征(irritable bowel syndrome,IBS)病人身上关于肠道微生物和大脑结构的两个秘密。这项关于IBS病人的研究首次揭示了肠道微生物和大脑中涉及加工机体感觉信息的区域相关。研究结果表明大脑产生的信号可以影响肠道微生物的组成,反之,肠道微生物产生的化学物质可以改变人体大脑的结构。此外,研究人员还对童年创伤、大脑发育与肠道微