肺炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤2例

2020-05-26 影像园 影像园

肺炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤2例

病例1

【所属科室】

呼吸内科

【基本资料】

患者1 男,54岁

【临床病史】

因胸闷、咳嗽一月余,发现左下肺占位性病变,无发热,咯血,一般情况良好

【影像图片】


CT:平扫左肺下叶软组织致密影,边界清晰,肿块与胸膜宽基底相连,即“桃尖征”(箭头);增强扫描后呈明显均匀强化

【结果】肺炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤(原称炎性假瘤)

病例2

【所属科室】

呼吸内科

【基本资料】

患者,男,75岁

【临床病史】

因胸闷、咳嗽一月余,右下肺占位性病变,发热,最高体温38℃,偶有咯血


CT:平扫右肺下叶团块状不均匀致密影,边界清晰,病灶边缘整齐平整,呈“平直征”(箭头),右侧胸腔内可见少量积液,病灶周围明显强化,中心区强化较轻,呈环形强化

【结果】

肺炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤(原称炎性假瘤)

【病例小结】

肺炎型肌纤维母细胞瘤以往被称为炎性假瘤;属于一种较为少见的间叶性肿瘤,好发于男性,与某些病毒感染有关(如人类疱疹病毒8型和EB病毒)或与某些自身免疫性疾病相关。一直以来肺炎型肌纤维母细胞瘤被认为是肺部炎症后良性非肿瘤性病变。近些年来,通过大量临床和病理学观察,在免疫组化、和细胞遗传学的协同下,目前大多数学者认为肺炎型肌纤维母细胞瘤主要由增生的纤维母细胞和肌纤维母细胞构成,还可见炎性细胞淋巴细胞、组织细胞以及嗜酸性肉芽肿组成。

临床上约30%的肺炎型肌纤维母细胞瘤患者无明显症状或症状轻微,往往于体检时发现。本病还与长期反复不规则使用抗生素密切相关。肺炎型肌纤维母细胞瘤患者常可见咳嗽,还可出现咳痰、呼吸困难、咯血等呼吸道症状,这主要与其对周围组织及气管的压迫及阻塞效应有关,少数患者还伴发热。

CT表现:

CT平扫肺炎型肌纤维母细胞瘤表现为圆形或类圆形团块状致密影,一般密度均匀,边界清晰(边界清楚与否主要取决于是否存在假性包膜),多位于肺的表浅部位近胸膜生长。肺炎型肌纤维母细胞瘤因在病灶边缘可见类似胸膜幕状粘连,似桃的尖角而得名“桃尖征”,多呈锐角,应与周围性肺癌的尖呈钝角相鉴别。可能是由于肺炎型肌纤维母细胞瘤位置多表浅而引起临近胸膜增厚、粘连,与肿块包膜牵拉黏连从而形成上述表现。肺炎型肌纤维母细胞瘤病灶边缘也可见整齐平坦或略向内凹的边缘,称之为“平直征”,可能与病灶边缘纤维牵拉或病变沿着肺叶或肺段的边缘形成有关。肺炎型肌纤维母细胞瘤部分患者可出现“胸膜牵拉征”,与炎症导致炎性渗出物机化,纤维组织大量增生导致内部结构收缩有关,但此表现也可出现在其他肺部炎性反应中,无特异性。肺门淋巴结及纵隔淋巴结明显肿大者少见,或仅为轻度肿大,少数患者以及合并其他疾病患者可出现淋巴结肿大,肺炎型肌纤维母细胞瘤增强扫描病灶多呈明显均匀强化,少数轻度强化。明显均匀强化与以炎性细胞为主的慢性炎症增生及较丰富的肉芽肿形成相关;不均匀强化可能是与纤维成分或坏死成分在病灶中所占比例较大有关。部分病例边缘多发空泡征,表现为病灶边缘低密度影,CT值表现为气体密度影,可能为病灶中尚未被炎性病变代替的肺结构显影所致。

鉴别诊断:

(1)周围型肺癌:多见深分叶及短毛刺,由于早期增长的肿瘤细胞在生长过程中受血管、气管阻挡并未突破或浸润血管、气管;与肺炎型肌纤维母细胞瘤的浅分叶及细长毛刺不同。CT增强扫描周围型肺癌3min后强化程度显著下降,而肺炎型肌纤维母细胞瘤则无。
(2)结核球:好发于双肺的上叶尖后段以及下叶背段,可伴干酪样坏死,内可见钙化,边缘光滑,病灶周围可见卫星灶,增强扫描常呈不均匀强化甚至不强化,而肺炎型肌纤维母细胞瘤卫星灶少见,呈延迟强化且强化程度较明显。
(3)错构瘤:肺错构瘤直径常在2.5cm以下,典型影像表现为瘤体内爆米花状钙化及脂肪低密度影,增强扫描常无明显强化,与肺炎型肌纤维母细胞瘤强化特点不同。
(4)球形肺炎:球形肺炎为肺内的急性炎症,病灶通常呈圆形,无包膜、边缘模糊密度较淡而中央密度相对较高,其内含气泡影,病程短,故需结合病程以鉴别诊断。

肺炎型肌纤维母细胞瘤影像表现较复杂常无特异性,但如果肺部肿块边缘出现平直征、桃尖征,强化较明显,肿块内出现坏死,纵隔多无淋巴结肿大,临床上又有长期不规则使用抗生素史等多提示有肺炎型肌纤维母细胞瘤的可能,必须进行穿刺明确诊断。

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    2020-08-07 okhuali
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