Science :科学家揭秘大脑神经元回路的连线规则

2015-12-03 佚名 生物谷

图片来源:medicalxpress.com 我们的大脑中包含着数亿万个神经元,而这些神经元又通过数百万亿个突触进行连接,尽管揭开这些连接看似不可能完成的任务,但近日一项刊登在国际著名杂志Science上的研究论文中,来自贝勒医学院的研究人员就成功完成了这项任务,研究人员在文章中成功解析了小鼠大脑皮层中神经元的连接方式,大脑皮层是大脑的外层结构,其被认为主要负责机体认知和感觉功能的发挥。

图片来源:medicalxpress.com

我们的大脑中包含着数亿万个神经元,而这些神经元又通过数百万亿个突触进行连接,尽管揭开这些连接看似不可能完成的任务,但近日一项刊登在国际著名杂志Science上的研究论文中,来自贝勒医学院的研究人员就成功完成了这项任务,研究人员在文章中成功解析了小鼠大脑皮层中神经元的连接方式,大脑皮层是大脑的外层结构,其被认为主要负责机体认知和感觉功能的发挥。

研究者希望这种复杂的连接方式可以分解为多个指导大脑皮层网络装配的小分支,而大脑皮层中局部回路的基本连线可以通过一系列的互连规则(Connectivity Rules)所捕获,这些规则在大脑皮层中处于不断循环中。Xiaolong Jiang博士表示,这是迄今为止我们所能尝试的绘制成熟大脑皮层线路图的最深入的一项研究,我们想确定在大脑皮层中发现的细胞类型以及如何创建局部回路的连线图。

文章中,利用先进的组织切片方法以及恢复神经元形态的特殊技术,研究者鉴别出了15种抑制性神经元,这种神经元可以抑制大脑回路中的电活性,利用同步全细胞记录方法,研究者们就可以对神经元间的电生理特性进行描述,同时绘制出其连接图谱,并且阐明这些神经元如何同附近的兴奋性神经元之间进行链接的。

Jiang表示,我们在多种形态分类的神经元间检测了超过1.1万对连接,发现了可以控制神经元间连接的三种基本准则,首先有两种神经元可以在大脑局部回路中抑制所有类型的神经元活性,其次特性类型的抑制性神经元可以具有选择性地进行连接并且关闭某些中间神经元,而且并不会同其它兴奋神经细胞进行沟通,第三种原则就涉及了很多抑制性神经元,其可以优先抑制自身类型神经元的活性,同时与兴奋性神经元进行连接。

另一位研究者Andreas Tolias教授表示,我们发现这些规则存在于大脑皮层的不同皮层结构间,本文研究发现,复杂的大脑皮层连接可以被拆解成为多种小类的连接规则,从而为理解局部大脑皮层的回路连接提供了一定思路,当然也可以帮助理解大脑的工作原理。

此外,研究者还希望可以帮助理解多种神经性疾病,比如自闭症谱系障碍及癫痫症的发病机制,从而为开发新型动物模型或新型疗法来治疗上述疾病提供希望和研究基础。

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1703713, encodeId=0f3a1e037137a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a8db4394487' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#大脑神经#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=43944, encryptionId=a8db4394487, topicName=大脑神经)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=5d2b30558460, createdName=yangwen5719, createdTime=Sun Apr 10 23:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1709599, encodeId=6d761e0959942, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a919849e3ff' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脑神经#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=84973, encryptionId=a919849e3ff, topicName=脑神经)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8b8031759349, createdName=siiner, createdTime=Fri Apr 01 02:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=48969, encodeId=a8984896926, content=好文章,值得收藏, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bc301610909, createdName=hixiaoluo, createdTime=Sun Dec 27 08:41:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=48970, encodeId=abc8489e0bd, content=好文章,值得收藏, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bc301610909, createdName=hixiaoluo, createdTime=Sun Dec 27 08:41:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375129, encodeId=343513e512991, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Sat Dec 05 09:59:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=44743, encodeId=528044e43ae, content=大脑是高级的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=112, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d331664955, createdName=老段, createdTime=Fri Dec 04 12:23:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-04-01 siiner
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1703713, encodeId=0f3a1e037137a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a8db4394487' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#大脑神经#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=43944, encryptionId=a8db4394487, topicName=大脑神经)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=5d2b30558460, createdName=yangwen5719, createdTime=Sun Apr 10 23:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1709599, encodeId=6d761e0959942, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a919849e3ff' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脑神经#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=84973, encryptionId=a919849e3ff, topicName=脑神经)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8b8031759349, createdName=siiner, createdTime=Fri Apr 01 02:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=48969, encodeId=a8984896926, content=好文章,值得收藏, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bc301610909, createdName=hixiaoluo, createdTime=Sun Dec 27 08:41:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=48970, encodeId=abc8489e0bd, content=好文章,值得收藏, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bc301610909, createdName=hixiaoluo, createdTime=Sun Dec 27 08:41:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375129, encodeId=343513e512991, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Sat Dec 05 09:59:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=44743, encodeId=528044e43ae, content=大脑是高级的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=112, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d331664955, createdName=老段, createdTime=Fri Dec 04 12:23:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-12-27 hixiaoluo

    好文章,值得收藏

    0

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    2015-12-27 hixiaoluo

    好文章,值得收藏

    0

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    2015-12-05 jichang
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    2015-12-04 老段

    大脑是高级的

    0

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