Pediatrics:提高烟草税可降低婴儿死亡率

2015-12-01 QQduhq MedSci原创

烟草税的增加可降低婴儿死亡率

在美国,烟草的使用是导致民众出现疾病、功能障碍和死亡的主要原因。死亡人数中约1/5与吸烟有关。因此,烟草税收的增加能帮助民众减少吸烟的频率么吗? 对此,研究如何控制人们对烟草的使用量至关重要。


发表在Pediatrics的新进研究进一步表明,提高烟草的税收可能会为美国公众的健康带来好处。这一研究使大家更为关注原本就争执不休的烟草税收问题。

简而言之,这个问题的答案是肯定的。通过回顾100多篇发表在BMJ上关于烟草税和吸烟的研究后,研究人员认为,显著提高烟草税是一个控制人们吸烟量的高效策略,这将对公众健康有极大的好处。

既往研究表明,提高烟草税对婴儿的平均出生体重和孕妇选择其他妊娠方式的生产结果有积极影响。 

通过对既往研究进行分析,研究人员认为吸烟对婴儿有以下危害:

导致婴儿出现组织损伤,特别是肺部和脑部;
导致唇裂;
吸烟易导致孕妇出现流产;
胎盘机能不全——易导致胎盘早剥从而引起出血; 
早产;
易导致低出生体重儿的出现;
影响脐带对胎儿的血供,减少胎儿供氧; 
易导致新生儿出现肺功能不全。

Stephen Patrick博士认为,这恰恰体现了这项研究的必要性,有助于公众戒烟或永远不接触香烟。

范德比尔特大学和密歇根大学的研究人员使用1999-2010年的相关数据。主要数据来源是CDC,此外,他们还从零售商处获取了香烟税和价格等信息。调查结果显示,增加烟草税收显著降低婴儿死亡率。但这一影响有种族之分。通过采取提高烟草税的手段,黑人婴儿死亡率降低幅度超过非拉美裔白人婴儿。而实际上非洲婴儿周岁前的死亡率是非拉美裔婴儿的2倍。由于医疗技术的提高,因此,近年来,早产和重症新生儿的存活率得以大大提高。

Patrick博士认为,我们要做的还有很多,可以通过提高烟草税等公众手段以提高婴儿的存活率。

原始出处:

Stephen W. Patrick,et al.Cigarette Tax Increase and Infant Mortality.pediatrics.2015

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    2016-02-26 hbwxf
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    2016-02-29 feather89
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    2015-12-27 hixiaoluo

    好文章,值得收藏

    0

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    2015-12-27 hixiaoluo

    好文章,值得收藏

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    2015-12-03 mnda

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