Immunity:高糖摄入可导致与炎性Th17细胞相关的自身免疫性疾病的恶化

2019-09-04 BioArt BioArt

自身免疫性疾病(Autoimmune disease,缩写为AID)是因免疫系统对自身健康组织或器官发起免疫攻击造成的一大类严重影响患者生存质量的疾病的总称。目前已确认的自身免疫疾病约有100种,包括类风湿关节炎、系统性红斑狼疮、克罗恩病、多发性硬化症、 干燥综合症、I型糖尿病等等。到目前为止,各种自身免疫疾病的病因和发病机制仍未研究清楚。近年来,膳食对自身免疫性疾病造成的影响越来越被研究者重视,

自身免疫性疾病(Autoimmune disease,缩写为AID)是因免疫系统对自身健康组织或器官发起免疫攻击造成的一大类严重影响患者生存质量的疾病的总称。目前已确认的自身免疫疾病约有100种,包括类风湿关节炎、系统性红斑狼疮、克罗恩病、多发性硬化症、 干燥综合症、I型糖尿病等等。到目前为止,各种自身免疫疾病的病因和发病机制仍未研究清楚。近年来,膳食对自身免疫性疾病造成的影响越来越被研究者重视,如几年前有研究者发现高盐摄入可以加速实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis,缩写为EAE, 是人类多发性硬化症的动物模型)的疾病进展。但是,对于高糖摄入和自身免疫性疾病的关系,尚不清楚。

美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)陈万军(WanJun Chen)资深研究员团队(第一作者为张敦房博士)在Immunity杂志发表了研究论文High Glucose Intake Exacerbates Autoimmunity through Reactive-Oxygen-Species-Mediated TGF-β Cytokine Activation,发现了高糖(葡萄糖)饮食可能通过诱导炎性Th17(T helper 17 cell)细胞分化,导致Th17细胞相关的自身免疫性疾病的恶化。

在该研究中,陈万军团队发现,在炎症性肠病(Inflammatory bowel disease,缩写为IBD)小鼠模型和实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)小鼠模型中,高糖摄入都导致了疾病的恶化。对小鼠体内的免疫反应分析发现,高糖摄入的小鼠中Th17细胞明显增多,而其他T细胞亚群则没有发生明显的变化。研究团队通过使用IL-17基因敲除小鼠诱导炎症性肠病小鼠模型,确认了Th17细胞的增加是导致疾病恶化的原因。

进一步的机制研究发现,高糖环境并不会引起T细胞代谢水平发生明显改变,而是诱导了T细胞线粒体分泌的活性氧(Reactive Oxygen Species,ROS)明显增加,增加的活性氧活化了转录生长因子β(Transforming Growth Factor-β,TGF-β),在IL-6丰富的炎症环境中,IL-6和活化的TGF-β诱导了Th17细胞的大量分化,继而导致了疾病的恶化。

该研究不仅揭示了高糖摄入与自身免疫性疾病恶化之间可能的关系,加深了我们对膳食与自身免疫性疾病发展的认知,而且提示控制糖类的过量摄入可能对自身免疫性疾病的预防和治疗有益。

原始出处:
Zhang D1, Jin W1, Wu R1, et al.High Glucose Intake Exacerbates Autoimmunity through Reactive-Oxygen-Species-Mediated TGF-β Cytokine Activation.Immunity. 2019 Aug 20. pii: S1074-7613(19)30327-9. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.08.001.

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