九成药品无"儿童版"——代表委员谈解决我国"儿童用药难"

2016-03-04 董小红、李金红、白洁 新华社

这是一个尴尬的现实:目前我国九成药品没有“儿童版”,儿童“用药靠掰、剂量靠猜”;这是一组无奈的数据:我国专门为儿童生产的药品不足5%,全国专门生产儿童药品的药企还不到1%……如何破解“儿童用药难”引发两会代表委员的热议。“用药靠掰、剂量靠猜” 药品缺乏“儿童版”儿童作为一个特殊的群体,身体器官和生理功能尚未发育成熟,药品的使用与成人有很大差别,用药需要“量身定制”。据全国工商联药业商会统计显示,我

这是一个尴尬的现实:目前我国九成药品没有“儿童版”,儿童“用药靠掰、剂量靠猜”;这是一组无奈的数据:我国专门为儿童生产的药品不足5%,全国专门生产儿童药品的药企还不到1%……如何破解“儿童用药难”引发两会代表委员的热议。

“用药靠掰、剂量靠猜” 药品缺乏“儿童版”

儿童作为一个特殊的群体,身体器官和生理功能尚未发育成熟,药品的使用与成人有很大差别,用药需要“量身定制”。

据全国工商联药业商会统计显示,我国现有约6000多家制药企业,仅10多家制药企业专门生产儿童用药;产品中涵盖儿童药品的制药企业也只有30多家;我国专门为儿童生产的药品不足5%,90%的药品没有“儿童版”。

“在儿童药品中,儿童专用剂型尤其短缺,比如防治儿童肺孢子虫感染的首选药——复方磺胺甲恶唑注射液就很难买到。”全国人大代表、四川雅安市人民医院副院长张德明说。

张德明说:“目前,儿童用药普遍用成人药品代替,‘用药靠掰、剂量靠猜’,类似于‘小儿慎用或者酌减’等描述广泛存在于药品说明书中,加大了儿童用药的风险。”

全国政协委员、海南省社会主义学院院长施耀忠说,现在我国儿童用药存在超量问题。国家药品不良反应监测中心2014年数据分析结果显示,我国14岁以下儿童患者的不良反应报告占了10.5%。一些家长反映,在给孩子用药时,经常买不到专门的“儿童药”,“把大人吃的药买回去一片破成三片”“一天三次减少为一天一次”是常用办法。

张德明认为,儿童处在生长发育阶段,神经系统、肠胃功能还不健全,对药品很敏感,服药使用不当很可能会造成伤害。

风险大、利润薄 药企研发不热情

全国政协常委、农工党中央副主席、上海市儿科医学研究所所长蔡威说,儿童药研发滞后是一个普遍现象,因为研发难度大且长期价格扭曲,药企对开发儿童药没有积极性。

身为小儿外科医生的蔡威研发过一种儿童药——小儿氨基酸注射液,目前在我国儿科普遍使用。蔡威说,在我国,氨基酸注射液的“儿童版”和“成人版”价格差不多,但前者研发更困难、投入更大,却不能在价格上体现。

一位药企负责人坦言,相较于成人药品,儿童药品临床试验难度更高。“在药品临床试验中,绝大多数父母不愿意将孩子作为临床受试者。”

“儿童药研发周期长、成本高、利润薄,但适用范围窄、用量小,研发和生产儿童药需要投入巨大,药企长期做亏本生意。”施耀忠说。

张德明说,目前绝大部分儿童药品还未纳入医保,患者更愿意购买医保中能报销的“成人版”,儿童药品市场占有率小,进一步影响了药企生产儿童药品的积极性。

数据显示,在《国家基本药物目录(2012年版)》中,儿童用药中“成人版”占37.1%,“儿童版”仅占2%。

创机制、增投入 激发药企生产活力

代表委员认为,破解我国两亿多儿童用药难,规范儿童用药,已经迫在眉睫。

张德明建议,我国儿童用药有关法律法规亟待完善,建议设置指导和监管儿童药品研发生产的机构,健全完善儿童用药临床指南,明确儿童用药研究技术要求和标准,促进产学研一体化。

“激发药企内在活力,需要给行业松绑。”施耀忠说,在儿童用药研究中,审评部门应设立鼓励儿童药品研发的“儿科优先目录”,对儿童用药的临床试验和上市前审评进行单独管理,建立儿童用药快速审批程序。对专门致力于儿童用药研发生产的制药企业,鼓励对多个儿童专用品种捆绑式申报,进行优先集中审批。

代表委员还建议,设立儿童用药专项研发基金,支持高校、科研机构、药企等成立专门的儿童药品研发实验室。同时,建立国家儿童基本药物目录,实现儿童用药的“医保全享有”和儿童药品的“医保畅通行”,通过制定儿童药品单独定价和税收减免政策,调动药企生产积极性。

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    2016-04-28 明崖

    产妇也是

    0

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    2016-03-06 老段

    还要纳入医保

    0

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    2016-03-06 howi