Omicron BA.2几乎完全不同于新冠原始毒株

2022-03-31 Hanson临床科研 Hanson临床科研

面临这种情况,唯有及时接种疫苗。

国家卫生健康委员会31日通报,3月30日,我国内地新增新冠肺炎确诊病例1839例,新增无症状感染者6720例。

导致近2年来内地最严重新冠疫情的是新冠病毒Omicron突变株BA.2亚型

从病毒学和流行病学角度考虑,Omicron BA.2已经完全不同于早期的新冠病毒毒株。这对于所有处于疫情之中的民众而言,都是个关键信息。知己知彼,百战不殆。

从实验设计角度,我们已经认为Omicron这个病毒和其他SARS-CoV-2不是同一种病毒,因为它的病毒特性尤其决定其感染和传播能力的S蛋白特征、血清学特征及免疫逃逸、传播能力、致病性、临床表现和流行病学特征已经和2019年底开始流行的新型冠状病毒野生型完全不同了

1、新冠病毒Omicron BA.2的传播系数高达9.1

Sutter Health估计Omicron基础传播系数(R0)=7.0,因而推算出BA.2的R0高达9.1,而野生型新冠病毒R0=2.79。R0=9.1意味着在无防疫措施的情况下,一个人可以传播给9个人,结合潜伏期3天,倍增时间(doubling time)仅为2-3.3天,因此无疫情防控措施该突变株可见指数型增长。

但目前全国的增长并没有呈现指数型增长,说明在防疫措施和各种因素的作用下,病毒在内地的实际传播系数Rt很低。从这个角度来看中国的防疫措施都是奏效的。

2、Omicron有非常强的免疫逃逸

Omicron BA.1的R0就已经达到了7.0,使Omicron的传播系数达到了高传染性的腮腺炎的水平。但是腮腺炎疫苗接种可以起到持久免疫的作用,而Omicron却可以发生免疫逃逸。它和疫苗所使用的SARS-CoV-2原始野生型的血清学特征完全是截然不同的两个病毒,这是因为Omicron S蛋白上有32个突变。

所以Omicron相较于原始野生型,相当于发生了抗原漂移(antigen drift)的两种不同血清型的流感病毒。

3、从感染者临床上看,Omicron在很多国家引起的主要是无症状感染。

在南非85.3%感染是无症状感染;在疫苗接种率较高的英国其真实世界病死率已经低于流感;而两年前,SARS-CoV-2原始野生型造成的病死率是流感的34-68倍。

另外Omicron具有明显的鼻嗜性,缺乏肺嗜性

因此,这些再次印证了Omicron和SARS-CoV-2原始野生型,引起的是几乎两种不同的疾病。

原始毒株的R0=2.79,所以动态清零的公共卫生方法奏效;但随着R0上升到9.1,动态清零面临越来越大的挑战,这也是一些既往“精准防疫”有效、而现在难获成功的关键原因。

新冠病毒Alpha突变株取代了原始野生型,Delta取代了Alpha,Omicron BA.1取代了Delta,而BA.2正在取代BA.1。

Omicron BA.2的基础传播系数高达9.1,意味着极高的传染性和极大的防控难度。与此同时,疫苗接种越来越难以预防感染的同时,无症状感染者的比例也明显增高;意味着很容易发生隐匿感染。

面临这种情况,唯有及时接种疫苗。尤其是,请和家里老人确认疫苗接种信息,帮助他们及时完成加强疫苗接种。加强接种,不仅仅是帮助老年人降低发生重症的风险,也是帮助年轻人早日迎接放开日。老年人及时接种疫苗,既是维护家庭健康的基石,也是社会敢于放开的基础。

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    2022-11-19 xjy02
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    2022-04-03 weigq

    还在坚持动态清零!

    0

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