Cell:光遗传学鉴定强制性进食神经基础

2015-02-04 叶予 生物通

吃到美食(尤其是甜食)根本停不下来,相信每一个吃货都有过这样的经历。对于人类来说,进食已经不仅是生存需要更是一种享受,甚至是一种“瘾”。 现在,强迫性进食和糖瘾已经成为了人类健康的重要威胁,但对此进行干涉又可能会影响正常的进食行为。本期Cell杂志上发表的两项研究,通过光遗传学技术将正常的进食行为与寻求奖赏的进食分开,鉴定了强制性进食的神经基础,为治疗这种疾病提供了新的靶标。

吃到美食(尤其是甜食)根本停不下来,相信每一个吃货都有过这样的经历。对于人类来说,进食已经不仅是生存需要更是一种享受,甚至是一种“瘾”。

现在,强迫性进食糖瘾已经成为了人类健康的重要威胁,但对此进行干涉又可能会影响正常的进食行为。本期Cell杂志上发表的两项研究,通过光遗传学技术将正常的进食行为与寻求奖赏的进食分开,鉴定了强制性进食的神经基础,为治疗这种疾病提供了新的靶标。

“肥胖和二型糖尿病是当今社会面临的重要健康问题,但许多治疗策略并没有触及病根:不健康的饮食习惯,”其中一项研究的资深作者,麻省理工的Kay Tye说。“我们的发现令人振奋,未来人们也许选择性抑制强制性进食,同时不影响健康的进食行为。”

强制性进食是一种寻求奖赏的行为,与药物成瘾类似。这两种行为的主要区别在于,吃东西是生存所必需的。安全有效的治疗强制性进食,必须将这种大脑回路与正常进食行为分开。Tye等人推测,从外侧下丘脑到腹侧被盖区的神经通路可能在强制性进食中起到了重要作用,因为这一大脑区域与寻求奖赏的行为有关,比如进食、性行为和药物成瘾。

他们用光遗传学技术对此进行了验证。光遗传学技术是对特定神经元进行遗传学改造,使其表达可以控制神经元活性的光敏蛋白,然后通过光纤发光来进行激活或抑制这些细胞。研究显示,激活外侧下丘脑-腹侧被盖区的神经通路,能使已经吃饱的小鼠花更长时间进食,增加小鼠穿越电击平台获取奖励(糖)的次数。抑制这个神经通路会减少小鼠强迫性的找糖行为,但不影响饥饿小鼠的正常食量,这说明还有其他神经回路在控制饥饿小鼠进食。

在另一项研究中,北卡罗来纳大学的Garret Stuber等人通过光遗传学技术,在小鼠的外侧下丘脑中鉴定了控制进食和奖赏寻求行为的神经元。他们让小鼠自由探索放有食物的区域或者完成任务获得糖块奖励,同时成像小鼠外侧下丘脑的神经元活性。研究人员在此基础上,成功区分了介导食欲性行为和满足性行为的神经元。

Tye指出,支持生物追逐甜食的大脑回路在进化过程中是很有意义的。因为这类食物比较稀缺,是只能在特定季节获得的宝贵资源。当资源有限时(比如冬季),动物会在其他神经回路的驱使下吃任何可以获得的食物。

“然而当今社会并不缺乏美味的食物,高糖或高脂食物常常比健康食物还容易获得,”Tye说。“人体还没有适应糖分过于丰富的世界,因此推动我们往肚子里塞甜食的回路引起了新的健康问题。鉴定强迫性进食背后的神经通路,可以帮助人们开发靶向性药物,有效治疗这个普遍存在的问题,”Tye说。

原始出处:

Jennings JH1, Ung RL1, Resendez SL2, Stamatakis AM1, Taylor JG3, Huang J3, Veleta K4, Kantak PA3, Aita M3, Shilling-Scrivo K3, Ramakrishnan C5, Deisseroth K5, Otte S6, Stuber GD7.Visualizing hypothalamic network dynamics for appetitive and consummatory behaviors.Cell. 2015 Jan 29;160(3):516-27. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.12.026.

Nieh EH1, Matthews GA1, Allsop SA1, Presbrey KN1, Leppla CA1, Wichmann R1, Neve R1, Wildes CP1, Tye KM2.Decoding Neural Circuits that Control Compulsive Sucrose Seeking.Cell. 2015 Jan 29;160(3):528-41. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.01.003.


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    2015-12-30 维他命
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1739874, encodeId=4a561e39874fa, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4eec28858ee' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#光遗传#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=28858, encryptionId=4eec28858ee, topicName=光遗传)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0b0634593448, createdName=ms8543593053280928, createdTime=Tue Nov 03 05:19:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1869016, encodeId=bf3c186901681, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Thu May 21 05:19:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1801775, encodeId=075f1801e7597, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b55fe425641' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#神经基础#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74256, encryptionId=b55fe425641, topicName=神经基础)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7f52347, createdName=soongzhihua, createdTime=Mon Feb 16 12:19:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1843879, encodeId=954c18438e95f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=05e29508559' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#遗传学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=95085, encryptionId=05e29508559, topicName=遗传学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6e7948, createdName=李研东, createdTime=Fri Apr 03 14:19:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1959267, encodeId=9c03195926e26, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Wed Dec 30 01:19:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1585107, encodeId=c40e158510e2b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=625c9440e39' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#进食#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=94407, encryptionId=625c9440e39, topicName=进食)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=94cc17130334, createdName=gj0737, createdTime=Fri Feb 06 04:19:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15060, encodeId=acb9150607f, content=研究方法好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=115, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=972e1614053, createdName=Desperardo1, createdTime=Wed Feb 04 14:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-02-06 gj0737
  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1739874, encodeId=4a561e39874fa, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4eec28858ee' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#光遗传#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=28858, encryptionId=4eec28858ee, topicName=光遗传)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0b0634593448, createdName=ms8543593053280928, createdTime=Tue Nov 03 05:19:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1869016, encodeId=bf3c186901681, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Thu May 21 05:19:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1801775, encodeId=075f1801e7597, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b55fe425641' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#神经基础#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74256, encryptionId=b55fe425641, topicName=神经基础)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7f52347, createdName=soongzhihua, createdTime=Mon Feb 16 12:19:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1843879, encodeId=954c18438e95f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=05e29508559' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#遗传学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=95085, encryptionId=05e29508559, topicName=遗传学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6e7948, createdName=李研东, createdTime=Fri Apr 03 14:19:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1959267, encodeId=9c03195926e26, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Wed Dec 30 01:19:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1585107, encodeId=c40e158510e2b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=625c9440e39' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#进食#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=94407, encryptionId=625c9440e39, topicName=进食)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=94cc17130334, createdName=gj0737, createdTime=Fri Feb 06 04:19:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15060, encodeId=acb9150607f, content=研究方法好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=115, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=972e1614053, createdName=Desperardo1, createdTime=Wed Feb 04 14:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-02-04 Desperardo1

    研究方法好

    0