GUT:你吃的是“促炎饮食”还是“抑炎饮食”?肠道微生物说了算!

2021-05-08 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

植物性饮食可以起到保护肠道粘膜保护和抗炎作用。

目前已有大量研究证据表明,肠道微生物群直接影响到肠道内促炎症和抗炎症反应的平衡。除了局部免疫反应外,肠道微生物群还影响全身的免疫成分,并与越来越多的免疫介导的炎症性疾病(IMIDs)有关,从糖尿病到关节炎和系统性红斑狼疮,肠道菌群失调和相关炎症也与癌症和心脏代谢疾病有关。然而,这种关系的机制在很大程度上仍然是未知的。

由于微生物在肠道中依赖饮食底物,肠道微生物组经常被认为是一种媒介,食物通过它发挥促炎症和抗炎症的作用。例如,动物实验证明,富含饱和脂肪、糖、盐而纤维水平较低的食物通过微生物机制,如诱导T-助手17(TH17)细胞,诱发炎症和自身免疫。

对小鼠和人类的其他研究表明,食品加工过程中添加的成分,包括膳食乳化剂、抗菌添加剂和人工甜味剂等都可以通过增加粘液细菌和内毒素促进肠道通透性和肠道炎症。相反,大量摄入色氨酸和纤维通常会导致与结肠健康有关的免疫状态。

常见的促炎食物与抑炎食物

由于微生物在饮食底物上茁壮成长,有科学家提出疑问——我们是否能滋养一个抗炎的肠道生态系统呢?为此,来自荷兰格罗宁根大学胃肠病学和肝脏病学系的专家调查了173个饮食因素和跨越四个队列的1425人的微生物组之间的关系,旨在揭示饮食、肠道微生物群和它们诱导肠道炎症的功能能力之间的相互作用。结果发表在胃肠病学权威杂志Gut上。

研究人员选取了克罗恩病、溃疡性结肠炎肠易激综合征和普通人群四个队列。采用鸟枪式元基因组测序来分析肠道微生物的组成和功能。膳食摄入量通过食物频率问卷进行评估。进行了无监督的聚类,以确定饮食模式和微生物群。每个队列研究饮食和微生物特征之间的关联,然后进行荟萃分析和异质性评估。

结果显示,饮食模式和微生物群之间有38个关联。此外,在对健康人和IBS、克罗恩病和UC患者的荟萃分析中,61种食物和营养素与61种微生物及249条代谢途径相关。

其中,加工食品和动物源性食品始终与较高的 Firmicutes、Blautia属的Ruminococcus物种和内毒素合成途径的丰度有关。而植物性食品和鱼类则相反,它们与产生短链脂肪酸的共生菌和营养代谢途径呈正相关。

无监督的饮食聚类分析揭示了共同的食物模式。Cladogram显示饮食摄入的聚类为25种模式。

研究人员为此确定了与在健康和疾病中具有共同功能作用的细菌群一致相关的饮食模式。此外,特定的食物和营养素与已知的推断粘膜保护和抗炎作用的微生物种类有关。并提出了饮食影响肠道炎症反应的微生物机制,作为未来干预研究的依据。

综上,植物性饮食可以起到保护肠道粘膜保护和抗炎作用。

 

参考文献:

Long-term dietary patterns are associated with pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory features of the gut microbiome.  https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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    2021-05-10 M 先生

    Th细胞免疫平衡,才是关键,跟吃什么食物关联性不强

    1

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    2021-05-09 学医无涯

    饮食很重要!

    0

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    2021-05-08 dqdqdq

    肠道微生物感觉是多态的

    0

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    2021-05-08 ms6000001624652641

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