CDS 2016:张俊清教授谈基于中国国情的糖尿病管理探索

2016-11-19 MedSci MedSci原创

 一、中国糖尿病管理现状及指南的差距 我国糖尿病疾病负担加重,近30年来糖尿病患病率大幅增加,1980~2010年患病率有0.67%增加至11.6%,2004年中国糖尿病直接卫生费用约为575亿元,占年卫生总费用的7.57%,2010年IDF研究估计中国目前糖尿病总支出约1734亿元,占中国年卫生总支出的13%。 我国糖尿病知晓率与治疗率均偏低,糖尿病诊疗现状与指

2016年11月16日~19日,由中华医学会、中华医学会糖尿病学分会(CDS)主办,厦门市医学会承办的中华医学会糖尿病学分会第二十次全国学术会议(CDS 2016)在福建厦门召开。北京大学第一医院内分泌科主任医师张俊清教授作了题为“继往开来 基于中国国情的糖尿病管理探索”的精彩演讲。梅斯小编对张俊清教授的精彩报告进行整理与大家分享。


北京大学第一医院内分泌科主任医师 张俊清教授

一、中国糖尿病管理现状及指南的差距
 
我国糖尿病疾病负担加重,近30年来糖尿病患病率大幅增加,1980~2010年患病率有0.67%增加至11.6%,2004年中国糖尿病直接卫生费用约为575亿元,占年卫生总费用的7.57%,2010年IDF研究估计中国目前糖尿病总支出约1734亿元,占中国年卫生总支出的13%。
 
我国糖尿病知晓率与治疗率均偏低,糖尿病诊疗现状与指南建议的标准化诊疗要求仍存在很大差距,主要表现为知晓率低、治疗率低及达标率低

糖尿病知晓率低:中国成人2型糖尿病患者中,糖尿病的知晓率进30.1%;
糖尿病治疗率低:仅25.8%的糖尿病患者接受降糖治疗;
糖尿病伴发血压、血脂异常治疗率低:72%患者合并高血压和/或血脂紊乱,其中30%的患者血糖、血压和血脂均异常,仅28%的糖尿病患者血压、血脂正常。
糖尿病治疗达标率低:3B研究显示,中国2型糖尿病患者的血糖、血压、血脂达标率较低,三者同时达标的患者比例仅有5.6%。
 
我国2型糖尿病患者管理现状不佳的原因何在?

(1)我国2型糖尿病患者二甲双胍使用率低,口服药单药治疗的患者中,仅30.8%的患者使用二甲双胍,口服药联合用药患者中,仅61.9%的患者使用二甲双胍。

CDS指南推荐:2型糖尿病药物治疗的首选是二甲双胍,若无禁忌症,二甲双胍应一直保留在糖尿病的治疗方案中。

(2)我国2型糖尿病患者基础胰岛素起始偏晚,ORBIT研究显示,我国2型糖尿病患者起始胰岛素治疗时平均HbA1c水平已高达9.6%±2.0%、平均FPG水平达11.7±4.0 mmol/L。

指南推荐:CDS指南推荐,两种OAD联合治疗血糖仍不达标(HbA1c≥7%)者,起始胰岛素治疗;ADA/EASD推荐,二甲双胍单药治疗3个月,HbA1c不达标(7%)即可起始胰岛素治疗。

(3)我国2型糖尿病患者基础胰岛素起始剂量不足、剂量调整不积极
ORBIT研究表明,基础胰岛素平均起始剂量为0.18±0.07 IU/Kg,约75%的患者未达到指南推荐的起始剂量,约40%的起始基础胰岛素的患者在过去3个月未进行剂量调整。

CDS指南推荐:起始剂量为0.2 U/Kg,每3~5天调整1次,每次调整1~4 U直至空腹血糖达标。

(4)我国2型糖尿病患者起始基础胰岛素治疗后患者自我血糖监测不足
ORBIT研究显示,中国2型糖尿病患者起始基础胰岛素治疗后自我血糖监测情况不佳,监测天数、次数均低于《中国血糖监测指南》的推荐频率。

《中国血糖监测指南》推荐:血糖达标前,每周监测3天空腹血糖,每两周复诊1次,复诊前1天加测5个时间点血糖谱;血糖达标后,每周监测3次血糖,即空腹、早餐后和晚餐后,每月复诊1次,建议复诊前1天加测5个时间点血糖谱。

(5)我国糖尿病教育现状不佳
我国医护人员对《中国糖尿病防治指南》相关知识点的总体正确知晓率为37.4%,仅26%的医院开设有糖尿病专科护士教育门诊,且专职糖尿病教育护士的培训情况不佳。
 
我国糖尿病管理现状与指南建议存在差距,如何缩小我国糖尿病管理与指南建议的差距是关键
 
二、中国糖尿病规范化管理的探寻
 
1、指南和共识的更新,使询证证据的不断完善:

2003年以来,CDS陆续编写和修订了《中国2型糖尿病防治指南》,为糖尿病规范化管理提供最权威的标准化指导文件。

2003年版《中国2型糖尿病防治指南》含参考文献100篇,重点关注糖尿病高危人群的筛查,及早发现和监护;2007年版含参考文献114篇,三级预防提出明确目标与措施,强调早期达标的重要性;2010年含参考文献287篇,修改了血糖控制目标,制定了新的诊治流程图;2013年版含参考文献383篇,更注重在人群中产生的临床证据。
 
2、临床管理模式的探索及成效
 
(1)建立糖尿病标准化诊疗示范中心项目,旨在落实标准糖尿病诊治,通过比照医师实践与诊疗指南之间的差距,加强基层医生的糖尿病诊治能力。

(2)建立“上下联动”的中国糖尿病诊疗基层二期项目,旨在落实慢病防治的基层医改方向,提高基层医院医疗服务能力和水平,为基层医生提供标准化、规范化的临床医学教育,深入基层、稳步增强糖尿病患者的健康意识。

(3)质量改善可实现询证医学向临床实践的转换:质量改善科学在医学领域的宗旨是促进基于循证医学的医疗实践成为常规医疗行为,为大众提供最佳的医疗服务。质量改善(QI)是多学科、系统综合的手段,可提高医疗效率、安全及可靠性,以及改善临床结局。

(4)开展BEYOND Ⅱ研究——基础胰岛素治疗的糖尿病管理质量改善研究
研究背景:研究证明一项包含完善的培训和定期的评估与反馈的质量改善方案,能够改善糖尿病管理和患者的治疗转归。在中国,质量改善已被用作改善慢性疾病控制的方法之一,政府也在实施质量改善计划,如国家卫生和计划生育委员会颁布了标准化临床路径。

研究目的:旨在评价通过实施标准化基础胰岛素治疗路径、基础胰岛素治疗的糖尿病管理培训、以及医生日常实践的定期讨论和反馈,对使用基础胰岛素患者的血糖控制的改善效果。 
 
(5)开展COMPASS研究——胰岛素治疗的2型糖尿病患者自我血糖监测
该研究是首个在接受胰岛素治疗的中国2型糖尿病患者中评估结构化自我血糖监测(SMBG)对血糖控制影响的多中心研究。该研究分为两个阶段:阶段Ⅰ,评估接受胰岛素治疗2型糖尿病患者的SMBG情况;阶段Ⅱ,在阶段Ⅰ中血糖控制不佳的人群中,评估结构化SMBG联合教育和行为干预对优化胰岛素治疗、SMBG使用、自我调整胰岛素剂量的影响。结构化SMBG可改善血糖控制,提高生活质量,减少低血糖事件。

(6)建立“三位E体”患者管理系统:包括移动医师端、护士端和首日教育端,由医师、护士对初始基础胰岛素治疗患者进行针对性的教育和随访管理。此管理系统可降低患者FPG水平、提高FPG达标率。

(7)2007年,开展中国糖尿病教育培训项目

(8)2012年,CDS启动为期2年的糖尿病教育管理单位认证项目,开启“二重认证”模式在中国的实践探索,从单纯的培训上升为“培训-实践-认证”的体系。
 
最后,张俊清教授总结说,基于目前对糖尿病规范化探索取得的成效,中国应继续完善和全面改进现有的管理模式,并继续探寻简单、高效的管理路径。
 
张俊清教授简介

张俊清教授,医学博士,北京大学第一医院内分泌科主任医师,美国哈佛大学Joslin糖尿病中心博士后,中华医学会内分泌代谢分会副总干事,北京医学会糖尿病学分会副主任委员,北京医师协会内分泌学会常委,中国老年保健医学会委员。长期从事糖尿病及内分泌疾病诊治的临床和科研工作,主要研究方向为胰岛素信号传导、胰岛素抵抗、糖尿病及其血管并发症的发病机制,发表多篇专业论文。

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    2017-07-23 微雨心然

    质量改善科学在医学领域的宗旨是促进基于循证医学的医疗实践成为常规医疗行为,为大众提供最佳的医疗服务。质量改善(QI)是多学科、系统综合的手段,可提高医疗效率、安全及可靠性,以及改善临床结局。

    0

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    2016-12-31 yongyuanaiping

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    2016-12-31 yongyuanaiping

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    2016-12-31 yongyuanaiping

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    2016-12-24 yongyuanaiping

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    2016-12-23 yongyuanaiping

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    0

  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=225396, encodeId=015022539611, content=质量改善科学在医学领域的宗旨是促进基于循证医学的医疗实践成为常规医疗行为,为大众提供最佳的医疗服务。质量改善(QI)是多学科、系统综合的手段,可提高医疗效率、安全及可靠性,以及改善临床结局。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=2, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmhead/zFfeLHibLJia3CYalZL04w4bqSffK6NvUagUZpasXd9zQ/0, createdBy=7b582056340, createdName=微雨心然, createdTime=Sun Jul 23 12:48:51 CST 2017, time=2017-07-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1931692, encodeId=1026193169213, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1a76e6753b9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#糖尿病管理#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=76753, encryptionId=1a76e6753b9, topicName=糖尿病管理)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7ca4300, createdName=wodejia-dayu, createdTime=Thu Apr 13 08:34:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=166900, encodeId=0c9a1669008b, content=?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ce8c1961256, createdName=yongyuanaiping, createdTime=Sat Dec 31 00:19:20 CST 2016, time=2016-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=166899, encodeId=29661668992b, content=?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ce8c1961256, createdName=yongyuanaiping, createdTime=Sat Dec 31 00:17:51 CST 2016, time=2016-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=166898, encodeId=74a1166898b5, content=?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ce8c1961256, createdName=yongyuanaiping, createdTime=Sat Dec 31 00:17:46 CST 2016, time=2016-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=165273, encodeId=8acd1652e37d, content=?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ce8c1961256, createdName=yongyuanaiping, createdTime=Sat Dec 24 07:32:43 CST 2016, time=2016-12-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=165139, encodeId=48ed165139ec, content=?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ce8c1961256, createdName=yongyuanaiping, createdTime=Fri Dec 23 14:01:18 CST 2016, time=2016-12-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=162407, encodeId=edf816240e96, content=?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ce8c1961256, createdName=yongyuanaiping, createdTime=Tue Dec 13 10:16:18 CST 2016, time=2016-12-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=161717, encodeId=3f3f161e17dd, content=?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ce8c1961256, createdName=yongyuanaiping, createdTime=Sat Dec 10 13:00:52 CST 2016, time=2016-12-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=161052, encodeId=474d1610521d, content=?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ce8c1961256, createdName=yongyuanaiping, createdTime=Wed Dec 07 23:29:41 CST 2016, time=2016-12-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-12-13 yongyuanaiping

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    0

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    2016-12-10 yongyuanaiping

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