JAMA:发表震惊体育圈研究 橄榄球运动员多有脑部损伤疾病

2017-07-27 文姜 生物探索

7月25日的JAMA上发表了震惊体育圈的研究报告:大部分捐献大脑用作研究的橄榄球运动员在他们活着的时候遭受退行性脑部疾病。表明在美式橄榄球比赛中,大脑的重复损伤与这种疾病有关。样本并不一定代表一般的橄榄球运动员人群。但结果仍然令人担忧。

7月25日的JAMA上发表了震惊体育圈的研究报告:大部分捐献大脑用作研究的橄榄球运动员在他们活着的时候遭受退行性脑部疾病。表明在美式橄榄球比赛中,大脑的重复损伤与这种疾病有关。样本并不一定代表一般的橄榄球运动员人群。但结果仍然令人担忧。

根据有史以来研究过的最大球员样本,大部分捐献大脑用作研究的橄榄球运动员在他们活着的时候遭受退行性脑部疾病。研究人员说,这一发现提供了更多的证据,表明在美式橄榄球比赛中,大脑的重复损伤与这种疾病有关。相关研究文章发表在7月25日的JAMA上。

1已故前橄榄球运动员慢性创伤性脑病比例惊人

研究人员依靠对球员的尸检来明确诊断,采访家庭成员和朋友的球员了解他们所经历的症状。在202名已故前橄榄球运动员中,有177名被诊断患有慢性创伤性脑病,这可能导致许多情绪和行为问题,比如思考和推理方面的问题。在参与全美橄榄球联赛的111人中,110人(高达99%)患有这种疾病。14名高中生运动员中也有三人有脑部疾病的迹象,53名大学运动员中有48名。

尽管有许多球员在退役之后都被诊断出脑部运动创伤,一直以来,美式橄榄球联盟方面坚称,没有足够的学术研究能够完全证明两者之间有直接联系。直到2016年波士顿大学对退役橄榄球运动员进行了思考和记忆力测试和脑部扫描,发现他们中的43%脑部有损伤。美式橄榄球联盟不得不承认橄榄球与脑损伤有直接联系。今年JAMA上发表的这篇文章是以病理切片的确诊方式坐实了橄榄球与脑损伤的关系。

2唯一的诊断方法尸检显示tau蛋白聚集

慢性创伤性脑病,或称CTE,表明了在运动员和其他人已经在头部有重复损伤,如脑震荡。诊断这种疾病的唯一方法是尸检。在这种情况下,一种叫tau的蛋白质在神经细胞和其他脑细胞中形成团块。虽然tau蛋白也聚集在其它如阿尔茨海默氏症的脑部疾病;CTE的话,tau蛋白质聚集在小血管周围的脑细胞。

病例切片显示tau蛋白(深红色)在大脑中分布越来越广:上图是一个大学橄榄球运动员的大脑,有轻度的慢性外伤性脑病;下图是全美橄榄球联赛的运动员的大脑,慢性外伤性脑病比较严重。
2008起,研究小组成立了一个大脑银行,用来研究运动或服兵役引起的头部撞击的影响。波士顿大学医学院的行为神经学家Jesse Mez和他的同事鉴定出球员有轻微或严重的CTE,程度取决于tau蛋白团块在球员的大脑中的分布状况。Mez说疾病的严重程度似乎与参与橄榄球运动的年数相吻合。参与全美橄榄球联赛的球员里,110例确诊病例中有95例病情严重。所有三名高中生的病例都是轻微的,而超过一半的大学球员的病例是严重的。

3无论严重程度症状类似

然而,无论是在大脑中观察到的严重程度如何,球员活着时的症状都是相似的。行为和情绪问题:如冲动,焦虑和抑郁,在疾病的严重和轻微的病例中都有普遍报道。认知症状,包括记忆丧失,对这两个群体也是典型的。Mez说一个主要的区别,相对CTE较轻度组,痴呆在严重的病例中更常见。

至于为什么球员的报告都经历了类似的症状,无论轻重,Mez说:“问题是,是否有其他的情况发生,如炎症。或者我们在大脑中还有没仔细观察的区域?”

4更深入的研究对于全美橄榄球联赛至关重要

这并不意味着所有的橄榄球运动员都会经历慢性创伤性脑病。许多为研究而捐献大脑的家庭之所以这样做,是因为他们所爱的人有明显的症状。所以样本并不一定代表一般的橄榄球运动员人群。但研究人员说,结果仍然令人担忧。

为这篇文章撰写编辑意见(Editorial)的,加州大学三藩分校的神经学家Gil Rabinovici说:“事实上,慢性创伤性脑病是如此普遍,增加了我们对橄榄球比赛安全性的考虑以及在以后的生活中出现神经症状的风险问题的顾虑。即使这项研究不能回答疾病发生的频率是多少,对谁是有风险的,但这一研究结果对任何级别的比赛都会像挥之不去的阴影。”

检测患者的疾病了解常见的CTE,对于美式橄榄球联盟是至关重要的,别说参加人达百万的大学、高中和青少年橄榄球。Rabinovici说:“同时在各级接触性运动中,我们需要着重预防脑震荡和其它头部碰撞。”

原始出处:
Mez J, Daneshvar DH, Kiernan PT, et al.Clinicopathological Evaluation of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in Players of American Football.JAMA. 2017 Jul 25;318(4):360-370. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.8334.

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    2017-08-01 虈亣靌

    很不错学习了多谢分享

    0

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    2017-07-31 QQ25ed180f

    凡事,劳逸结合。

    0

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    2017-07-29 gujh
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    2017-07-27 虈亣靌

    讲解的非常好,值得学习

    0

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    2017-07-27 137****9095

    henhao

    0

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    2017-07-27 lyh994

    这样的研究会开启另一种模式

    0

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BMJ:有计划地体育活动可以减少男性老年人严重跌倒相关的住院和骨折

该研究的目的是测试与健康教育相比,长期的,结构化的体力活动计划是否会降低久坐有功能限制的的老年人严重跌倒受伤的风险。 原始出处:Thomas M Gill,Marco Pahor,Jack M Guralnik,et al.Effect of structured physical activity on prevention of serious fall injuries in ad

Eur J Prev Cardiol:体育运动能减少他汀治疗的不良反应!

由我国研究者发表于6月期《Eur J Prev Cardiol》的一项研究显示,他汀联合运动治疗可减少相关不良反应的发生。

体育比赛可使男性睾丸素飙升

近日,美国华盛顿大学等处的研究人员发现,尽管只踢了10分钟的足球比赛,但这些生活在玻利维亚低地的特希曼男性的睾丸素(一种男性激素)水平却已经比赛前增加了30%。如果这些踢球的人是美国运动员,那么这一数字将是惊人的。然而与发达国家的男性相比,特希曼男性一生中的睾丸素水平都要低得多。这一发现或许为研究人体如何短期和长期调节激素的增长提供了线索。 特希曼人口约15000,他们散居在亚马孙河周围的小村庄