Nat Commun:改造蛋白酶体,预防人类失明

2018-05-02 小通 生物通

杜克大学的科学家证明,提高细胞清除错误折叠蛋白的能力,可以阻止它们的细胞内聚集,在小鼠模型中,明显延缓了失明的发生。


杜克大学的科学家证明,提高细胞清除错误折叠蛋白的能力,可以阻止它们的细胞内聚集,在小鼠模型中,明显延缓了失明的发生。

全球超过200万人患有遗传性和不可治愈的视网膜疾病,包括渐渐侵蚀视力的视网膜色素变性(retinitis pigmentosa)。

由于导致疾病的基因突变超过4000种,因此开发针对性治疗策略困难重重。不过,这些突变有很多共同点:倾向于在眼内生成错误折叠蛋白。错误折叠蛋白聚集从内而外地杀死了细胞。

杜克大学的科学家证明,提高细胞清除错误折叠蛋白的能力,可以阻止它们的细胞内聚集,在小鼠模型中,明显延缓了失明的发生。这项研究成果发表于《Nature Communications》。这种方法也潜在适用于其他神经退行性疾病,如亨廷顿氏症、帕金森氏症和阿尔兹海默症,文章通讯作者、杜克大学医学院教授Vadim Arshavsky说。

“现在,我们对视网膜色素变性或其他遗传性失明患者束手无策。这项研究表明,提高细胞处理错误折叠蛋白能力是一个值得考虑的策略。另外,遗传性失明只是大量神经退行性疾病的其中一个子集,这个概念应该可以被推广使用。”

杜克大学和加州理工大学的同事合作研究了蛋白酶体,它们是消除错误折叠蛋白的细胞机器。Arshavsky将它的桶形结构比喻成内部装载着各种切割元件的碎纸机。

错误折叠蛋白必须通过碎纸机盖子上的“进纸口”,而患病小鼠缺乏足够的“进纸口”,导致受损蛋白不断积累。

Arshavsky和他的团队没有试图改变碎纸机,而是通过遗传手段增加了碎纸机上的“进纸口”(11S蛋白酶体盖亚基PA28α)数量,为错误折叠蛋白提供处理机会。试验中,增加蛋白酶体“进纸口”的成年小鼠视网膜功能细胞数量是视网膜色素变性小鼠的4倍。

该“进纸口”通过遗传改造实验小鼠品系获得,至于人类,则可以通过基因疗法或药物化合物疗法来为蛋白酶体添加这些“进纸口”。

“如果我们能将患者的功能细胞数量保留下来4倍,这意味着患者的视力会增加几十倍,”Arshavsky说。“虽然不能做到彻底治疗,但这将极大地推迟失明状况,延缓效果甚至超过人类寿命。”

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    2019-04-01 liye789132251
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    2019-01-07 liuli5079
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    2018-05-03 kafei

    学习学习谢谢分享

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