JAMA:CPAP疗法治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停与较低的高血压风险有关

2012-05-24 EurekAlert! EurekAlert!

5月23日,《美国医学会杂志》JAMA上的文章披露,两项包括了罹患阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的成年人的研究就持续气道正压通气(CPAP)治疗对降低包括高血压等心血管后果的风险的有效性进行了检查。 根据第一则研究中的背景资料,在一般人群中,有3%至7%的人会受到阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)的影响,OSA是因为在睡眠时上部气道的塌陷引起的,并会导致短暂的窒息。有研究证明,在OSA和高血压及心血管疾病之间有某

5月23日,《美国医学会杂志》JAMA上的文章披露,两项包括了罹患阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的成年人的研究就持续气道正压通气(CPAP)治疗对降低包括高血压等心血管后果的风险的有效性进行了检查。

根据第一则研究中的背景资料,在一般人群中,有3%至7%的人会受到阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)的影响,OSA是因为在睡眠时上部气道的塌陷引起的,并会导致短暂的窒息。有研究证明,在OSA和高血压及心血管疾病之间有某种关联。对症状性OSA病人的第一线治疗是CPAP,它起着一种气动夹板的作用以保持上部气道在睡眠中的开放并纠正气道的阻塞。

西班牙莱里达生物医学研究所的Ferran Barbé, M.D.及其同事开展了一项研究,旨在于723名罹患OSA但在白天没有嗜睡的患者中就CPAP治疗对其高血压或心血管事件的发病率的影响进行评估。这一随机对照的试验是在2004年5月至2006年5月间在西班牙的14所教学医院中进行的,有关的跟踪随访一直持续到2009年的5月。病人被分派接受CPAP治疗或没有接受主动的干预措施。所有的参与者都接受了有关的饮食咨询及睡眠卫生的建议。该研究所测定的主要结果为系统性高血压(服用抗高血压药或血压高于140/90毫米汞柱)或心血管事件。

对本研究中的患者所做的随访时间的中位数(中点)为4年,CPAP组中有357人及对照组中有366人被纳入到这一分析之中。共发现有147名患者出现新发生的高血压,有59人出现心血管事件。在CPAP组,有68人出现新发生的高血压,28人出现心血管事件(17人因为不稳定型心绞痛或心律失常住院,3人因非致命性中风住院,3人因心力衰竭住院,2人因非致命性心肌梗塞住院,2人因短暂性脑缺血发作住院,1人发生心血管性死亡)。在对照组中,有79名患者出现新发生的高血压,31人出现心血管事件(11人因不稳定型心绞痛或心律失常住院,8人因非致命性心肌梗塞住院,5人因短暂性脑缺血发作住院,5人因心力衰竭住院,2人因非致命性中风住院)。数据分析表明,与通常性的治疗相比,CPAP治疗没有导致高血压或心血管事件发生率的具有统计学意义的减少。

然而,文章的作者写道,他们的研究在发现显著差异上可能能力有限,一个更大规模或更长随访时间的研究也许能够发现治疗与结果之间的显著的相关性。“一项事后的分析提示,在坚持每晚4小时或更长时间的CPAP治疗的病人中,CPAP治疗可能会降低高血压或心血管事件的发生率。”

第二项研究中,西班牙萨拉戈萨市Miguel Servet大学医院的José M. Marin, M.D. 及其同事对CPAP治疗是否与罹患OSA病人中较低的新发高血压发生率有关进行了调查。文章的作者写道:“尽管对OSA病人进行CPAP治疗与心血管事件的总体风险的降低有关,但其在防止新发高血压上的功效则不为人知。短期的研究表明,CPAP治疗可降低高血压病人及OSA患者的血压。”

本研究包括了1889名没有高血压的参与者,他们是在1994年1月至2000年12月间被转至一家睡眠中心来做夜间多导睡眠监测的。在年度随访时对事件性高血压的记录一直持续到2011年1月。用于考虑包括研究期间身体质量指数等混淆因子(即那些会影响后果的因子)的经校正了的多变量模型被用来计算无OSA参与者(对照组)、未经治疗的OSA参与者及那些根据国家的治疗指南而接受了CPAP治疗的参与者的新发高血压的风险比率。

本研究的平均追踪时间为11.3年(中位数为12.2年)。在追踪随访期间,有705位患者(37.3%)出现了事件性高血压。在经过充分校正的模型中纳入作为协变量的身体质量指数的变化后,与没有OSA的对照组相比,不适合接受CPAP治疗的OSA病人的风险比率(风险)仍要高出33%;在那些拒绝接受CPAP治疗的OSA病人中,该风险也几近高出2倍;在那些不坚持CPAP治疗的OSA病人中,这一风险大约会高出80%。在那些接受了CPAP治疗的OSA病人中,新发高血压的风险比对照组要低29%。

文章的作者写道:“尽管CPAP治疗不是随机地被指派给我们的病人的,但有关的较低的高血压额外风险强烈提示,OSA可能是发生新发高血压的一个独立的可修正的风险因子。在OSA的严重性与高血压风险大小之间所观察到的相关性进一步支持OSA是心血管事件风险的一个主要的促成因子。总之,与没有OSA的参与者相比,未经治疗的OSA与增加了的新发高血压风险有关,而CPAP治疗与新发高血压的较低风险有关。”

“我们的观察性发现提示,OSA似乎是新发高血压的一个可修正的风险因子。考虑到OSA——尽管在西方人群中有着高发病率——仍然是一个在绝大多数情况下未被识别且未被治疗的疾病,因此这些发现是具有临床重要性的。”

doi:10.1001/jama.2012.4366
PMC:
PMID:

Effect of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on the Incidence of Hypertension and Cardiovascular Events in Nonsleepy Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea A Randomized Controlled Trial

Ferran Barbé, MD; Joaquín Durán-Cantolla, MD; Manuel Sánchez-de-la-Torre, PhD; Montserrat Martínez-Alonso, BSc(Stat); Carmen Carmona, MD; Antonia Barceló, MD; Eusebi Chiner, MD; Juan F. Masa, MD; Mónica Gonzalez, MD; Jose M. Marín, MD; Francisco Garcia-Rio, MD; Josefa Diaz de Atauri, MD; Joaquín Terán, MD; Mercedes Mayos, MD; Mónica de la Peña, MD; Carmen Monasterio, MD; Felix del Campo, MD; Josep M. Montserrat, MD; for the Spanish Sleep and Breathing Network

Context Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the first-line treatment for patients with symptomatic obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, its indication for all patients with sleep-disordered breathing, regardless of daytime symptoms, is unclear. Objective To evaluate the effect of CPAP treatment on the incidence of hypertension or cardiovascular events in a cohort of nonsleepy patients with OSA. Design, Setting, and Patients Multicenter, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial in 14 teaching hospitals in Spain. Between May 2004 and May 2006, 725 consecutive patients were enrolled who had an apnea-hypopnea index of 20 h−1 or greater and an Epworth Sleepiness Scale score of 10 or less (scores range from 0-24, with values <10 suggesting no daytime sleepiness). Exclusion criteria were previous cardiovascular event, physical or psychological incapacity, chronic disease, or drug or alcohol addiction. Follow-up ended in May 2009. Intervention Patients were allocated to receive CPAP treatment or no active intervention. All participants received dietary counseling and sleep hygiene advice. Main Outcome Measures Incidence of either systemic hypertension (taking antihypertensive medication or blood pressure greater than 140/90 mm Hg) or cardiovascular event (nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, transient ischemic attack, hospitalization for unstable angina or arrhythmia, heart failure, or cardiovascular death). Results Seven hundred twenty-three patients underwent follow-up for a median of 4 (interquartile range, 2.7-4.4) years (1 patient from each group did not receive allocated treatment); 357 in the CPAP group and 366 in the control group were included in the analysis. In the CPAP group there were 68 patients with new hypertension and 28 cardiovascular events (17 unstable angina or arrhythmia, 3 nonfatal stroke, 3 heart failure, 2 nonfatal myocardial infarction, 2 transient ischemic attack, 1 cardiovascular death). In the control group there were 79 patients with new hypertension and 31 cardiovascular events (11 unstable angina or arrhythmia, 8 nonfatal myocardial infarction, 5 transient ischemic attack, 5 heart failure, 2 nonfatal stroke). The hypertension or cardiovascular event incidence density rate was 9.20 per 100 person-years (95% CI, 7.36-11.04) in the CPAP group and 11.02 per 100 person-years (95% CI, 8.96-13.08) in the control group. The incidence density ratio was 0.83 (95% CI, 0.63-1.1; P = .20). Conclusions In patients with OSA without daytime sleepiness, the prescription of CPAP compared with usual care did not result in a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of hypertension or cardiovascular events. However, the study may have had limited power to detect a significant difference. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00127348

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    2012-07-17 tomyang96
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    2012-05-26 zhaojie88
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1988949, encodeId=46bd1988949e1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=246ee29858f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#睡眠呼吸#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=72985, encryptionId=246ee29858f, topicName=睡眠呼吸)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3138208, createdName=zhanfl, createdTime=Tue Sep 25 07:59:00 CST 2012, time=2012-09-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2030140, encodeId=40842030140e1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d88913e2636' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PAP#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13726, encryptionId=d88913e2636, topicName=PAP)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=82ba2500166, createdName=ms1467340776200723, createdTime=Sat Feb 02 14:59:00 CST 2013, time=2013-02-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1696608, encodeId=d29416966085d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d2e99e651e4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阻塞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97651, encryptionId=d2e99e651e4, topicName=阻塞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a23129903429, createdName=tomyang96, createdTime=Tue Jul 17 16:59:00 CST 2012, time=2012-07-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1331353, encodeId=81e313313539a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b32515586' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CPAP#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5155, encryptionId=1b32515586, topicName=CPAP)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Sat May 26 08:59:00 CST 2012, time=2012-05-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1596414, encodeId=0c861596414d3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=70e4396491a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#呼吸暂停#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=39649, encryptionId=70e4396491a, topicName=呼吸暂停)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e2a518392360, createdName=119337463, createdTime=Sat May 26 08:59:00 CST 2012, time=2012-05-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]