Nature Communications:新型纳米RNA抗癌药物,多靶点击毁癌中之王

2018-01-04 佚名 生物通

一种新型纳米颗粒能选择性地向肿瘤组织投递遗传物质,对周围健康组织没有副作用。


一种新型纳米颗粒能选择性地向肿瘤组织投递遗传物质,对周围健康组织没有副作用。

特拉维夫大学的一项研究指出,一个已知的癌基因(oncogene,促进癌症发展)和一个抑癌microRNA的表达之间存在负相关性,共同影响胰腺癌患者的生存率。因此科学家们发明了一种新型纳米颗粒,选择性地向肿瘤组织投递遗传物质,对周围健康组织没有副作用。

这篇发表在《Nature Communications》的文章由生理学和药理学系主任Ronit Satchi-Fainaro教授领导,由多学科实验室的Hadas Gibori等人共同参与。

潜在机理

胰腺癌是最具侵袭性的癌症之一,绝大多数患者活不过一年。“尽管现代医学已有所发展,但对胰腺癌患者来说,75%在确诊后12个月内就会死亡,其中大多数只有短短几个月可活,”Satchi-Fainaro教授说。“但是,仍然存在大约7%的确诊者能继续存活5年以上。我们试图在这些幸存者身上寻找他们与普通患者的区别,战胜这种最具侵袭性的疾病,他们身上一定藏着潜在的治疗策略。”

研究人员检查了胰腺癌细胞,发现肿瘤抑制剂miR-34a和癌基因PLK1之间具负相关。如果胰腺癌小鼠模型的miR-34a水平低,则癌基因PLK1水平就高,反之亦然。研究小组猜测人类胰腺癌可能也存在这种特点。

于是,他们对胰腺癌患者样本也进行了RNA图谱分析,结果揭示了与胰腺癌小鼠模型一样的基因模式。

药物研发

“我们设计了一个纳米载体,运送两个乘客:(1)miR-34a,可降低数百个癌基因;(2)PLK1小干扰RNA(siRNA),可沉默一个基因,”Satchi-Fainaro教授说。“纳米颗粒将这些药物直接送达肿瘤部位,改变癌细胞的分子特征,使它们休眠或完全被清除。”



“纳米颗粒像出租车一样装载两个重要乘客,”Satchi-Fainaro教授补充道。“鸡尾酒治疗药物们通常不能同时到达肿瘤。但我们的‘出租车’可以把乘客和自己一起带到肿瘤组织。在它停下来后,胰腺癌的一种酶会自动降解这些载体,释放内部药物。”

为了验证整个系统的效果,科学家们将纳米颗粒注射到胰腺癌小鼠体内,结果小鼠的生存时间显著延长。

“这种疗法考虑到了整个遗传模式,在单基因治疗效率有限的情况下,胰腺癌等其他癌症的治疗可借鉴这种新的策略。”

原始出处:

Hadas Gibori, et al.Amphiphilic nanocarrier-induced modulation of PLK1 and miR-34a leads to improved therapeutic response in pancreatic cancer.Nature Communications 9, Article number: 16 (2018) doi:10.1038/s41467-017-02283-9

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    2018-10-08 zhangph
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    2018-07-01 liuli5079
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    2018-12-01 liye789132251
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    2018-01-06 sunylz
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    2018-01-05 飛歌

    学习了很有用

    0

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