AP&T: 红细胞输注对静脉曲张和非静脉曲张胃肠道出血患者住院死亡率的影响

2022-06-14 xuyihan MedSci原创

静脉曲张是指由于血液淤滞、静脉管壁薄弱等因素,导致的静脉迂曲、扩张。身体多个部位的静脉均可发生曲张。

胃肠道(GI)出血与死亡率显著相关,每年每 100,000 名美国人口中有超过 300 人因胃肠道出血而住院,其中上消化道出血约占这些病例的一半。非静脉曲张来源仍然是胃肠道出血的主要原因,其中一个重要原因是消化性溃疡病(占所有上消化道出血的35%)。尽管静脉曲张性上消化道出血不像非静脉曲张性上消化道出血那么常见,但它仍然是上消化道出血的重要原因,并且与显着的发病率和死亡率相关。与非静脉曲张性上消化道出血相比,静脉曲张性上消化道出血始终与更高的死亡率相关。

无论上消化道出血的类型如何,初始容量复苏仍然是管理的基石组成部分,通常通过输注浓缩红细胞 (PRBC) 来实现,特别是当出血被认为严重并伴有低血红蛋白时。先前的研究表明,对血红蛋白低于7gm/dl 的患者输注 PRBC 的限制性策略是有益的。但由于担心过度输血会导致门静脉压力升高,因此本项研究旨在评估PRBC输注在静脉曲张出血中是否比在非静脉曲张出血中更危险。

研究人员使用了全国住院患者样本数据库中的患者数据,算法方法识别上消化道出血患者,同时对非静脉曲张或静脉曲张来源的出血进行分类。主要观察结局是全因住院死亡率。为了控制出血的严重程度,研究人员对基线特征进行了倾向匹配,主要匹配因素包括年龄、性别、休克的存在、ICU 护理的需要和合并症。研究人员还检查了这两个人群的 PRBC 输血、住院死亡率和住院率差异。

 

本项研究共纳入了 10228,524例上消化道出血病例;755135 名患者出现静脉曲张出血。倾向匹配后,静脉曲张出血患者输注 PRBC 与住院死亡率增加22%相关,而非静脉曲张出血患者住院死亡率增加9%。与接受输血的非静脉曲张出血者相比,静脉曲张出血者的住院死亡率高出近四倍(倾向匹配 OR:3.8;95% CI:3.7-3.8;p < 0.001)。值得注意的是,自2011年以来,两组的 PRBC 输血率都有所下降,尽管静脉曲张出血患者的输血率仍然较高。而且自1999 年以来,上消化道出血的死亡率一直在下降。

图:红细胞成分输血对于住院死亡率的影响

 

本项研究发发现尽管在过去十年中有所下降,但静脉曲张出血患者的 PRBC 输血率仍然很高。此外,与非静脉曲张出血者相比,输注 PRBC 对静脉曲张出血者的危害更大。

原始出处:

Dhruvil Radadiya. Et al. The impact of red blood cell transfusion practices on inpatient mortality in variceal and non-variceal gastrointestinal bleeding patients: a 20-year US nationwide retrospective analysis. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics.2022.

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    2022-11-24 fusion
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