骨搬移联合Papineau技术和VSD治疗胫骨感染性骨缺损

2014-08-26 超人也想当好医生 林超文 丁香园

虽然骨折固定技术在不断改进,软组织的处理也得到重视以及使用微创技术可以闭合伤口,但是感染性骨缺损的治疗仍然对骨科医生充满挑战性。 1950年,Ilizarov倡导使用外固定架联合骨搬移和牵引成骨技术治疗骨缺损。众多研究发现Ilizarov骨搬移技术可有效纠正下肢成角畸形、肢体长度不等以及治疗骨折不愈合和骨缺损。 1973年,Papineau发明了一种治疗长骨感染性假关节的分期手术方

虽然骨折固定技术在不断改进,软组织的处理也得到重视以及使用微创技术可以闭合伤口,但是感染性骨缺损的治疗仍然对骨科医生充满挑战性。

1950年,Ilizarov倡导使用外固定架联合骨搬移和牵引成骨技术治疗骨缺损。众多研究发现Ilizarov骨搬移技术可有效纠正下肢成角畸形、肢体长度不等以及治疗骨折不愈合和骨缺损。

1973年,Papineau发明了一种治疗长骨感染性假关节的分期手术方案,称为Papineau技术。Papineau技术主要治疗过程分为3期:(1)行扩创术清除坏死骨和软组织,临时夹板固定下肢,根据术中培养结果使用抗生素抗感染,术后换药保持敷料干燥;(2)待伤口基底部长出新鲜肉芽组织后,用自体的松质骨颗粒植入骨缺损处皮下;(3)伤口边缘长出肉芽组织后即可二期关闭伤口(如果病例有软组织过度缺损,可选用游离皮瓣闭合伤口)。该技术在临床实践中不断获得改进,并取得不错的疗效。

Karargyris医生等通过同时进行Ilizarov骨搬移和Papineau技术治疗胫骨感染性骨缺损,术后行负压封闭引流技术,文章最近发表在Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol上。

研究纳入7名胫骨感染性骨缺损患者(平均年龄32岁),经Ilizarov骨搬移和Papineau技术同时治疗胫骨感染性骨缺损,术后行负压封闭引流技术闭合伤口。患者均出现感染性骨缺损和胫骨表面皮肤坏死。

术后平均随访14个月(10到17个月),患者术后平均第29天伤口愈合。有6名患者术后第6个月有新骨生成,并获得骨折愈合,只有1名患者发生骨折延迟愈合,经自体松质骨移植后获得骨折愈合(图1、2)。有2名患者发生针道感染,经抗感染和换药治疗后痊愈。


图1:A49岁左胫骨骨折患者经外固定治疗后左胫骨发生感染性假关节和表面皮肤坏死。B,取出外固定装置,扩创手术清除坏死骨和软组织,胫骨骨缺损处行开放植骨术,使用加长外固定架固定;C,伤口愈合,无感染迹象;取出外固定前(D)和取出外固定后(E)X线正位片显示骨折愈合。


图2:A,37岁患者患有胫骨感染性骨缺损,使用VSD治疗后伤口长出新鲜肉芽组织;B,经VSD治疗20天后皮肤愈合情况;C,联合使用Ilizarov骨搬移联合Papineau技术;D,临床照片显示小腿伤口愈合,无感染迹象;E,取出外固定架后的X线正位片显示骨折愈合。

所有患者均可以重返工作岗位,而且还能恢复到受伤前的运动水平,只有1名患者由于踝关节僵硬需要更换工作。随访期间,没有患者发生手术部位再感染或植骨部位再骨折。

因此,作者认为Ilizarov骨搬移联合Papineau技术同期治疗胫骨感染性骨缺损,术后予负压封闭引流技术闭合伤口,可有效控制伤口部位感染、修复胫骨缺损和闭合伤口,而且术后并发症少。

原始出处:

Karargyris O1, Polyzois VD, Karabinas P, Mavrogenis AF, Pneumaticos SG.Papineau debridement, Ilizarov bone transport, and negative-pressure wound closure for septic bone defects of the tibia.Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2014 Aug;24(6):1013-7. doi: 10.1007/s00590-013-1279-x. Epub 2013 Jul 18.

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    2015-03-22 liuquan
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    2014-11-26 ZGMFX24A
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    2014-10-10 839640778
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    2014-08-28 zhouqu_8
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    2014-08-28 lfcmxl