AHJ:射血分数降低的心衰:卡维地洛与琥珀酸美托洛尔谁更胜一筹?

2018-05-16 吴星 环球医学

根据当前指南,β-受体阻滞剂治疗适用于所有射血分数降低的心衰(HFrEF)患者。美托洛尔与卡维地洛均是临床常用的心血管药物,尽管研究显示这两种β受体阻滞剂都有助于降低HFrEF患者的死亡率和发病率,但很少有研究对这两种药物的有效性直接进行比较。卡维地洛相对于美托洛尔的相对获益仍然未知。

根据当前指南,β-受体阻滞剂治疗适用于所有射血分数降低的心衰(HFrEF)患者。美托洛尔与卡维地洛均是临床常用的心血管药物,尽管研究显示这两种β受体阻滞剂都有助于降低HFrEF患者的死亡率和发病率,但很少有研究对这两种药物的有效性直接进行比较。卡维地洛相对于美托洛尔的相对获益仍然未知。

据悉,卡维地洛是一种新型的扩血管药,可非选择性地阻断β-受体、选择性地阻断α1-受体、大剂量时有阻断钙通道的作用。而美托洛尔是一种选择性的β1受体阻滞剂。2018年5月,发表在《American Heart Journal》的一项回顾性研究比较了卡维地洛与琥珀酸美托洛尔在HFrEF患者中的生存获益。

在该项研究中,在VA数据库查询来筛选出于2007~2015年期间确诊为HFrEF的114745例患者,这些患者接受卡维地洛或琥珀酸美托洛尔治疗。

该研究使用倾向得分匹配(对观察到的协变量使用了替换技术),通过比较卡维地洛和美托洛尔治疗的患者,评估生存概率和风险比。对男性、女性、老年人、治疗时间超过3个月和糖尿病患者分别进行亚组分析。

总共43941例美托洛尔治疗的患者与同样数量的卡维地洛治疗的患者进行了配对。

结果显示,与卡维地洛相比,琥珀酸美托洛尔的死亡调整风险比为1.069(P<0.001)。6年时,与琥珀酸美托洛尔相比,卡维地洛的生存概率较高(55.6% vs 49.2%;P<0.001)。

亚组分析表明,对于男性、超过或低于65岁、治疗时间超过3个月和非糖尿病患者,结果分别一致。

该研究为比较卡维地洛和琥珀酸美托洛尔治疗HFrEF患者死亡率的最大规模研究。作者认为,与琥珀酸美托洛尔相比,服用卡维地洛的HErEF患者有更高的生存率。

近期对4项前瞻性和6项队列研究的荟萃分析显示,这两种药物在总体分析中的死亡率没有差异。随机前瞻性研究分析显示,卡维地洛的优越性主要由COMET(卡维地洛或美托洛尔欧洲试验)研究结果导致。因此,仍需要进一步的研究来确定HErEF患者最佳的β-受体阻滞剂选择。

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