Nature重磅证据:高脂肪饮食“帮助”癌症扩散

2016-12-11 佚名 生物探索

12月7日,在线发表于Nature杂志上题为“Targeting metastasis-initiating cells through the fatty acid receptor CD36”的研究中,科学家们首次鉴定出了具有转移能力的癌细胞上的一个特殊蛋白——CD36。研究人员在肿瘤细胞的细胞膜上发现了CD36。它的功能是负责摄取脂肪酸。独特的CD36活性以及对脂肪酸的依赖性将转移起始细胞与


12月7日,在线发表于Nature杂志上题为“Targeting metastasis-initiating cells through the fatty acid receptor CD36”的研究中,科学家们首次鉴定出了具有转移能力的癌细胞上的一个特殊蛋白——CD36。研究人员在肿瘤细胞的细胞膜上发现了CD36。它的功能是负责摄取脂肪酸。独特的CD36活性以及对脂肪酸的依赖性将转移起始细胞与其它肿瘤细胞区分开来。西班牙巴塞罗那生物医学研究所的Salvador Aznar Benitah教授是这一研究的通讯作者。
关键分子CD36

癌症开始扩散是最致命的。全球各国的科学家都在想尽办法理解这一过程是如何发生的,以及开发新的方法来阻止它。Benitah教授的研究小组发现,CD36出现在多种转移性癌细胞中。这些转移性癌细胞来自一系列不同类型的癌症患者,包括口腔癌、黑色素瘤、卵巢癌、膀胱癌、肺癌和乳腺癌

为了确认CD36在肿瘤扩散中的重要作用,研究小组将CD36添加到非转移性癌细胞中,最终导致它们变成了转移性细胞。

Benitah教授说:“虽然我们还没有检测所有肿瘤类型,但我们可以申明,CD36是转移性细胞的一个标志物,通常对转移具有特异性。我们希望能够验证CD36在抗转移治疗中的潜能。”
高脂肪饮食促进肿瘤转移

下一步,研究人员开始调查脂肪摄入量在癌症扩散中的作用。他们为实验小鼠提供了高脂肪饮食,然后给小鼠接种了一种人类口腔癌。结果发现,高脂肪饮食导致超过50%的小鼠具有更多、更频繁的转移。

科学家们推测,这些脂质可能是作为肿瘤细胞的能量来源。Benitah教授说:“在接种人类肿瘤细胞的小鼠中,脂肪摄入量与CD36介导的转移潜能的增加之间似乎有着直接的联系。我们需要更多的研究来解开它们之间的关系。”

接着,科学家们继续测试了一种特定的饱和脂肪酸——棕榈酸。棕榈酸是动植物脂肪的主要组成部分,在棕榈油中含量很高。研究人员用棕榈酸处理人类口腔肿瘤两天后,将被处理的肿瘤注射到小鼠中,并给小鼠喂以标准饮食。结果发现,所有携带CD36的小鼠都发生了肿瘤转移。相比之下,未经棕榈酸处理的情况下,这一比例降低为一半。
阻断CD36抗体或成抗转移新方向

此外,利用人类口腔癌小鼠模型,研究人员还证实,阻断CD36能够完全阻止转移。在携带转移癌细胞的小鼠中,使用CD36阻断抗体治疗使得20%的小鼠转移完全消除了;同时,使得其它小鼠转移减少了80-90%。重要的是,这种治疗没有带来严重的副作用。

目前,研究人员正在开发能够用于临床试验的靶向CD36的新型抗体疗法。虽然,研究小组认为达到这一“里程碑”预计将花至少4年的时间,但他们希望,未来这类疗法能够适用于多种类型的癌症患者。

原始出处

Gloria Pascual, Alexandra Avgustinova, Stefania Mejetta,Mercè Martín, Andrés Castellanos,Camille Stephan-Otto Attolini,Antoni Berenguer.et.al.Targeting metastasis-initiating cells through the fatty acid receptor CD36.nature.2016

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