儿童急性骨髓炎诊断及治疗

2014-01-29 cmt 医学论坛网

        急性骨髓炎是一个较为少见的疾病,儿童发病较成人高,因此往往导致严重的不良预后。细菌可以通过软组织创面直接或血源性播散间接定植于骨内。在儿童患者中,急性骨髓炎大部分源于血源性播散。 在发达国家中,儿童急性骨髓炎的发病率在8/10万每年,但在低收入国家中,该病发病比例显著增高。男性

急性骨髓炎是一个较为少见的疾病,儿童发病较成人高,因此往往导致严重的不良预后。细菌可以通过软组织创面直接或血源性播散间接定植于骨内。在儿童患者中,急性骨髓炎大部分源于血源性播散。

在发达国家中,儿童急性骨髓炎的发病率在8/10万每年,但在低收入国家中,该病发病比例显著增高。男性儿童的发病率较女性高两倍左右。若急性骨髓炎得不到及时的诊断和合理的治疗,往往诱发灾难性临床后果,严重者可能导致死亡。

金黄色葡萄球菌是目前最为多见的急性骨髓炎感染细菌,其次是呼吸道病原体如化脓性链球菌和肺炎链球菌;B型流感嗜血杆菌常感染关节腔而不是骨质,具体原因不详。沙门氏菌在发展中国家和镰状细胞贫血的急性骨髓炎患者中较为多见。4岁以下患儿金氏菌属感染最为多见,并且其发病率在升高。

对这类患者,尽早确立正确的诊断十分重要,因这类患者早期治疗对改善患者的临床功能预后至关重要。过去数十年间强耐药菌如MRSA产生,各种类型的抗生素上市,辅助检查措施的进步等使得急性骨髓炎的诊断和治疗发生了重要变化。本文对近些年急性骨髓炎的发展和治疗进行总结,为临床医生提供参考。


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    2014-02-14 doctorhe

    希望能提供本文的参考文献

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    2014-01-31 宋威