Allergy:典型寒冷性荨麻疹全身反应的危险因素

2021-12-11 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

寒冷性过敏反应在典型的寒冷性荨麻疹中很常见。高危患者需要了解他们的病情以及如何使用肾上腺素自动注射器。

寒冷性荨麻疹,即因暴露于寒冷而出现风团或血管性水肿,分为典型形式和非典型形式。典型寒冷性荨麻疹的诊断依赖于对局部冷刺激测试(CST)的反应。它还可以表现为寒冷性过敏反应。

近日,过敏性疾病领域权威杂志Allergy上发表了一篇研究文章,研究人员旨在明确典型寒冷性荨麻疹中寒冷性过敏反应的危险因素。

研究人员在32个荨麻疹参考和卓越中心(UCARE)进行了一项国际横断面研究COLD-CE,获取了受试者详细的历史记录并使用冰块和/或TempTest进行CST。寒冷性过敏反应的定义为急性感冒引起的皮肤和/或可见黏膜组织病变,并且至少有以下一种:心血管症状、呼吸困难或胃肠道症状。

在551名寒冷性荨麻疹患者中,75%(n=412)的患者CST呈阳性,后者中有37%(n=151)患者发生了寒冷性过敏反应。寒冷引起的全身风团、血管性水肿、肢端肿胀、口咽/喉症状和耳垂瘙痒被确定为严重疾病的体征/症状。寒冷性过敏反应最常由完全浸入冷水所引起,而由冷空气引起的寒冷性过敏反应在气候温暖的国家更为常见。10%(n=40)的典型寒冷性荨麻疹患者伴有慢性自发性荨麻疹(CSU)。CSU患者发生寒冷性过敏反应的频率低于没有CSU的个体(4% vs. 39%,p=0.003)。研究人员确定了以下心血管症状的危险因素:既往对膜翅目昆虫叮咬的全身反应、血管性水肿、口咽/喉部症状和耳垂发痒。

由此可见,寒冷性过敏反应在典型的寒冷性荨麻疹中很常见。高危患者需要了解他们的病情以及如何使用肾上腺素自动注射器。

原始出处:

Mojca Bizjak,et al.Risk factors for systemic reactions in typical cold urticaria: results from the COLD-CE study.Allergy.2021.https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/all.15194

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